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Uso de nanopartículas de sílica em aplicações médicas
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Abstract(s)
Na área da nanomedicina, as nanopartículas de sílica têm sido apresentadas como uma ferramenta de elevado valor. Importantes características como a boa estabilidade e biodisponibilidade, tornam as nanopartículas de sílica muito interessantes para áreas como a terapêuticas, diagnóstico e teranóstica.
A metodologia de Stöber é muito utilizada nas sínteses de nanopartículas. No entanto, existem outros métodos para a síntese de nanopartículas que lhes conferem características estruturais, texturais e morfológicas específicas. Além disso, a possibilidade de funcionalização possibilita uma aptidão para o carregamento de fármacos bastante usados nos dias de hoje, como sejam fármacos anti-inflamatórios e anti-tumorais.
Os fármacos anti-tumorais têm sido de grande interesse nesta área, visto que a sua libertação do interior das nanopartículas de sílica pode, em determinadas condições, ser dependente do pH do tecido/órgão. Assim, caso o pH do tecido/órgão seja ácido, as nanopartículas perdem o revestimento que protege o fármaco no seu interior e libertam o mesmo. Estes nanosistemas podem tornar a terapia mais seletiva e menos tóxica.
O uso de nanopartículas de sílica em medicina não é, no entanto, isento de riscos. Aquando de uma exposição a uma elevada concentração de nanopartículas, estas parecem demonstrar alguma toxicidade, ainda que seja dependente do tempo de exposição às mesmas. Deve ainda referir-se que sistemas mais complexos envolvendo nanopartículas de sílica possuem um elevado custo de obtenção, comparativamente a formulações farmacêuticas tradicionais.
Ao longo desta monografia, é feita uma revisão sobre as características das nanopartículas de sílica, métodos de síntese e potenciais aplicações médicas das nanopartículas que evidenciam a versatilidade destes materiais.
In the field of nanomedicine, silica nanoparticles have been presented as a highly valuable tool. Important characteristics such as good stability and bioavailability make silica nanoparticles very interesting for areas such as therapeutics, diagnostics and theranostics. Stöber's methodology is widely used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. However, there are other methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles that give them specific structural, textural and morphological characteristics. In addition, the possibility of functionalization makes it possible to load drugs that are widely used nowadays, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs. Anti-tumor drugs have been of great interest in this area, since their release from within the silica nanoparticles may, under certain conditions, be dependent on the pH of the tissue/organ. Thus, if the pH of the tissue/organ is acidic, the nanoparticles lose the coating that protects the drug inside and release it. These nanosystems can make therapy more selective and less toxic. The use of silica nanoparticles in medicine is, however, not without risk. When exposed to a high concentration of nanoparticles, they do appear to demonstrate some toxicity, although this is dependent on the time of exposure. It should also be noted that more complex systems involving silica nanoparticles may be more expensive to obtain than traditional pharmaceutical formulations. Throughout this monograph, a review is made on the characteristics of silica nanoparticles, synthesis methods and potential medical applications of nanoparticles that highlight the versatility of these materials.
In the field of nanomedicine, silica nanoparticles have been presented as a highly valuable tool. Important characteristics such as good stability and bioavailability make silica nanoparticles very interesting for areas such as therapeutics, diagnostics and theranostics. Stöber's methodology is widely used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. However, there are other methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles that give them specific structural, textural and morphological characteristics. In addition, the possibility of functionalization makes it possible to load drugs that are widely used nowadays, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs. Anti-tumor drugs have been of great interest in this area, since their release from within the silica nanoparticles may, under certain conditions, be dependent on the pH of the tissue/organ. Thus, if the pH of the tissue/organ is acidic, the nanoparticles lose the coating that protects the drug inside and release it. These nanosystems can make therapy more selective and less toxic. The use of silica nanoparticles in medicine is, however, not without risk. When exposed to a high concentration of nanoparticles, they do appear to demonstrate some toxicity, although this is dependent on the time of exposure. It should also be noted that more complex systems involving silica nanoparticles may be more expensive to obtain than traditional pharmaceutical formulations. Throughout this monograph, a review is made on the characteristics of silica nanoparticles, synthesis methods and potential medical applications of nanoparticles that highlight the versatility of these materials.
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Nanopartículas Sílica Libertação controlada Funcionalização