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Publication
Novas tecnologias associadas à terapêutica antienvelhecimento
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A pele é o maior órgão do organismo, estando dividida em três camadas: epiderme, derme e hipoderme. Assume diversas funções, desde a proteção do organismo, à regulação da temperatura corporal, tendo influência na relação do indivíduo com a sociedade.
O envelhecimento conduz a alterações na pele, por diversos mecanismos que podem ser intrínsecos, sendo regulados por fatores genéticos, ou extrínsecos, que incluem exposição a poluição e a radiação UV. Estes fenómenos levam a alterações cutâneas como rugas, manchas e xerose. Os compostos ativos utilizados no combate ao envelhecimento incluem geralmente antioxidantes, hidroxiácidos e compostos fenólicos, mas o uso de proteção solar deve ser diário e a exposição solar direta evitada, já que isso retardará o envelhecimento.
A pele possui uma elevada capacidade de barreira e grande parte dos ativos utilizados no combate ao envelhecimento são instáveis. Assim, tem-se vindo a observar o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias capazes de aumentar a estabilidade dos ativos e permitir o seu transporte para camadas mais profundas da pele.
A nanotecnologia é a base de diversos sistemas de veiculação para administração por via cutânea. Em muitos casos, estes sistemas são capazes de atravessar a barreira cutânea sem alterar a sua integridade, tendo vantagens como o aumento da estabilidade e eficácia das moléculas associadas e uma penetração e libertação mais controlada das mesmas. Diversas tecnologias físicas também têm sido utilizadas, sendo alguns exemplos microagulhas que são dispositivos que atravessam diretamente as camadas da pele, iontoforése e eletroporação, ambas tecnologias que utilizam impulsos elétricos de modo a aumentar a permeabilidade celular e a sonoforése que usa ultrassons com o mesmo propósito.
Esta dissertação pretende explorar o envelhecimento enquanto processo biológico, focando em particular nas novas tecnologias que estão associadas ao combate do envelhecimento. Os resultados apresentados nos estudos são indicativos da eficácia e segurança destas tecnologias. É possível observar uma melhoria da estabilidade dos compostos ativos quando utilizados em associação com as nanotecnologias, sendo observada também uma libertação mais prolongada dos mesmos. Foi comprovado o mesmo para as tecnologias físicas, podendo estas ser utilizadas de forma isolada, devido à sua capacidade de estimular a produção de certos constituintes cutâneos.
The skin is largest organ of the organism and is divided into three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The skin owns several functions, from the protection of the organism to the regulation of body temperature, influencing the individual’s relationships with society. Aging leads to changes in the skin, through various mechanisms that may be intrinsic, which are regulated by genetic factors, as well as extrinsic, which include exposure to pollution and UV radiation. These mechanisms lead to changes in our skin such as wrinkles, blemishes and xerosis. The active components used in the combat of aging includes antioxidants, hydroxy acids and phenolic compounds but the use of sun protection should be daily and sun exposure avoided, since these actions can delay aging. Skin has a great barrier capacity and most of the compounds used in the combat of aging therapy are unstable. Thus, we have been witnessing the development of new technologies able to improve the stability of active compounds and allow their transportation to deeper layers of the skin. Nanotechnology is the foundation of several cutaneous delivery systems. In many cases, these systems can cross the skin barrier without altering its integrity, having advantages such as increased stability and effectiveness of the formulations and a more controlled penetration and release of the compounds. Several physical technologies have also been used, some examples being microneedles that are devices that directly pass through the layers of the skin, iontophoresis and electroporation, both technologies that use electrical pulses to increase the permeability of cells and sonophoresis that uses ultrasounds for the same purpose. This dissertation intends to explore the theme of aging as a biological process, focusing in particular on new technologies that are associated with the combat of aging. The results presented in the studies prove the effectiveness and safety of these technologies. It is possible to observe an improvement in the stability of the active compounds when used in association with nanotechnologies, as well as a more prolonged release of the same. This has been proven even for physical technologies, which can be used isolated, due to their ability to stimulate the production of certain skin constituents.
The skin is largest organ of the organism and is divided into three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The skin owns several functions, from the protection of the organism to the regulation of body temperature, influencing the individual’s relationships with society. Aging leads to changes in the skin, through various mechanisms that may be intrinsic, which are regulated by genetic factors, as well as extrinsic, which include exposure to pollution and UV radiation. These mechanisms lead to changes in our skin such as wrinkles, blemishes and xerosis. The active components used in the combat of aging includes antioxidants, hydroxy acids and phenolic compounds but the use of sun protection should be daily and sun exposure avoided, since these actions can delay aging. Skin has a great barrier capacity and most of the compounds used in the combat of aging therapy are unstable. Thus, we have been witnessing the development of new technologies able to improve the stability of active compounds and allow their transportation to deeper layers of the skin. Nanotechnology is the foundation of several cutaneous delivery systems. In many cases, these systems can cross the skin barrier without altering its integrity, having advantages such as increased stability and effectiveness of the formulations and a more controlled penetration and release of the compounds. Several physical technologies have also been used, some examples being microneedles that are devices that directly pass through the layers of the skin, iontophoresis and electroporation, both technologies that use electrical pulses to increase the permeability of cells and sonophoresis that uses ultrasounds for the same purpose. This dissertation intends to explore the theme of aging as a biological process, focusing in particular on new technologies that are associated with the combat of aging. The results presented in the studies prove the effectiveness and safety of these technologies. It is possible to observe an improvement in the stability of the active compounds when used in association with nanotechnologies, as well as a more prolonged release of the same. This has been proven even for physical technologies, which can be used isolated, due to their ability to stimulate the production of certain skin constituents.
Description
Keywords
Antienvelhecimento Cosmetologia Nanotecnologias Sistemas de libertação cutânea