Loading...
Publication
Viés atencional face à ameaça em crianças e adolescentes com temperamento inibido: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 498.45 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O viés de atenção (VA), que envolve um complexo processo de alocação de recursos atencionais face a estímulos ambíguos, tem sido sugerido como um fator chave na origem e manutenção do temperamento inibido (TI) na infância e adolescência. Embora alguns estudos tenham sugerido uma associação entre o viés da atenção e o temperamento inibido, os resultados são mistos. Dada a inexistência de uma síntese quantitativa destes resultados, pretendemos com a atual revisão sistemática e meta-análise avaliar a magnitude da interação entre estas variáveis assim como investigar potenciais moderadores desta relação (tipos de medidas e estímulos, amostras e desenhos de estudo).
Método: As bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO e Web of Science foram utilizadas para a procura de estudos elegíveis para o estudo, incluindo os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “Behaviour inhibit*” OR “Inhibit* temperament”, “Attention* bias” OR “Attention to threat” AND “dot-probe” OR “eye-tracking”. Foram identificados 13 estudos na revisão sistemática, mas apenas 7 estudos foram adequados para meta-análise.
Dentre as razões de exclusão estiveram a abordagem de assuntos não relacionados ao foco do estudo, estudos realizados com uma população alvo diferente da estipulada, impossibilidade de comparação das medidas padronizadas com outros estudos e o uso de outras técnicas que não o dot-probe e/ou eye-tracking.
Resultados: Foi observado um efeito geral ligeiramente positivo – indicando que o grupo inibido tem maior viés atencional do que o grupo não inibido. Entretanto, o efeito observado não foi significativo. Ao analisar o potencial papel moderador da condição experimental (“Face feliz” versus “Face zangada”), observou-se que, embora em ambas as condições o grupo inibido mostrasse maior viés, a dierença entre grupos nunca foi significativa.
Conclusões: Apesar da literatura apontar para a existência de uma associação entre o viés atencional e o temperamento inibido, a meta-análise dos estudso empíricos publicados não permitiu encontrar uma assoicação significativa entre estas variáveis. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo facto da metodologia dot-probe não constituir uma medida fiável do viés quando usada de forma isolada, sendo mais eficaz quando utilizada em conjunto com outras metodologias como, por exemplo, o eye-tracking. Conclui-se que as medidas de identificação de viés atencional, quando utilizadas separadamente, não são eficazes na detecção da relação entre o viés atencional e o temperamento inibido.
Introduction: Attention bias, wich involves a complex process of attention resources allocation facing ambiguous stimuli, has been suggested as a key factor in the origin and perpetuation of inhibited temperament in infancy and adolescence. Although some studies also suggest this association, results have not been clear. Since there is a lack of review on the subject, we intend to evaluate the magnitude of the interaction of theses variables, while looking out for potential relation moderators. Method: PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were the database used to identify eligible studies, including the following terms: “Behavior inhibit*” or “Inhibit* temperament”, “Attention* bias” or “Attention to threat” and “dot-probe” or “eye-tracking”. 13 suitable studies were identified, although only seven were included in the meta-analysis. Between the reasons of exclusion was approaching unrelated topics, different target population, impossibility of data comparison and the use of attention bias evaluation different from the chosen for this study. Results: A small but not significant positive overall effect was observed, - indicating a bigger attentional bias from the inhibited group over the non-inhibited children. When grouping the effects by experiment conditions (Happy x Angry), a bigger effect was, again, observed by the inhibited group in both conditions, but not significantly. Conclusions: Although the literature commonly relates attention bias and inhibited temperament, we did not find a significant effect in this relation. That could be explained by the fact that dot-probe alone does not constitute a precise measurement of attention bias, being more effective when used in combination with other methodologies of measurement, as the eye-tracking. We conclude that the absence of effect does not necessary reflect in real life, given that static methodologies of measurement may not be the most effective in detecting attentional bias and its relation with inhibited temperament.
Introduction: Attention bias, wich involves a complex process of attention resources allocation facing ambiguous stimuli, has been suggested as a key factor in the origin and perpetuation of inhibited temperament in infancy and adolescence. Although some studies also suggest this association, results have not been clear. Since there is a lack of review on the subject, we intend to evaluate the magnitude of the interaction of theses variables, while looking out for potential relation moderators. Method: PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were the database used to identify eligible studies, including the following terms: “Behavior inhibit*” or “Inhibit* temperament”, “Attention* bias” or “Attention to threat” and “dot-probe” or “eye-tracking”. 13 suitable studies were identified, although only seven were included in the meta-analysis. Between the reasons of exclusion was approaching unrelated topics, different target population, impossibility of data comparison and the use of attention bias evaluation different from the chosen for this study. Results: A small but not significant positive overall effect was observed, - indicating a bigger attentional bias from the inhibited group over the non-inhibited children. When grouping the effects by experiment conditions (Happy x Angry), a bigger effect was, again, observed by the inhibited group in both conditions, but not significantly. Conclusions: Although the literature commonly relates attention bias and inhibited temperament, we did not find a significant effect in this relation. That could be explained by the fact that dot-probe alone does not constitute a precise measurement of attention bias, being more effective when used in combination with other methodologies of measurement, as the eye-tracking. We conclude that the absence of effect does not necessary reflect in real life, given that static methodologies of measurement may not be the most effective in detecting attentional bias and its relation with inhibited temperament.
Description
Keywords
Metodologia dot-probe O eye-tracking Viés atencional Metodologias