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Pode o atual modelo português de gestão de resposta a derrames de hidrocarbonetos beneficiar com os conceitos do Incident Command System?
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Anualmente, milhares de navios atravessam as águas sob jurisdição de Portugal, cuja Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) além de ser uma das maiores da Europa, está na confluência das rotas marítimas mais movimentadas do mundo. O crescente aumento de atividades marítimas acarretam num maior risco de ocorrência de incidentes, envolvendo consequências como derrames de hidrocarbonetos no mar.
Os impactos de uma poluição por hidrocarboneto abrangem não só o ambiente marinho, como podem afetar o litoral, as atividades económicas da região e a população. Para que estes impactos sejam minimizados, é importante que a primeira resposta ao incidente seja rápida e eficaz, e para que isto aconteça, é mandatório não só a existência de planos de contingência eficazes, mas também a integração dos atores da resposta. Baseado nos modelos de sucesso em respostas a incidentes passados, esta integração só ocorre caso toda equipe de resposta atue em conjunto, seguindo um mesmo modelo de trabalho, e esteja treinada para seguir um único protocolo, com suas funções e comunicações definidas.
De forma a cooperar com as autoridades portuguesas, este trabalho apresenta uma análise dos planos de contingência utilizados em Portugal, e sua aplicação no incidente ocorrido em 2005, com o navio CP Valour, e compara com os planos de contingência dos Estados Unidos, e sua aplicação no incidente ocorrido em 2015 Refugio Oil Spill. A partir desta análise são identificados se existem vantagens para Portugal na integração de conceitos do Incident Command System (ICS) ao atual sistema gestão de emergências.
Conclui-se que o atual sistema português de resposta a incidentes envolvendo derrames de hidrocarbonetos no mar, estabelecido pelo Plano Mar Limpo (PML), estrutura de forma bem definida a organização da resposta através dos graus de prontidão e procedimentos, no entanto, alguns detalhes operacionais podem estar mais bem definidos e organizados. Estes detalhes são contemplados de forma muito objetiva e pragmática pelo ICS e poderiam vir a ser benéficos se incorporados numa futura revisão do PML.
Annually, thousands of vessels cross the waters under the jurisdiction of Portugal, whose Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) besides being one of the largest in Europe, is at the confluence of the busiest sea routes in the world. The more maritime activities increase entails a higher risk of incidents involving consequences such as oil spills at sea. The impacts of oil pollution affect not only the marine environment, but also affect the coast, the economic activities and the population. For these impacts to be minimized, it is important that the first response to the incident is prompt and effective, and for this to happen, not only effective contingency plans are required, but also the integration of response actors. Based on past incident response success models, this integration only occurs if every response team acts together, following the same work model, and is trained to follow a single protocol, with its roles and communications defined. In order to cooperate with the Portuguese authorities, this dissertation presents an analysis of the contingency plans used in Portugal, and their application in the response of an incident with the CP Valour vessel, in 2005, and compares with the United States contingency plans, and their application in the incident occurred in 2015, Refugio Oil Spill. From this analysis are identified what would be the advantages for Portugal, if adopt the principles of the system obligatorily used not only in the United States, but in several other countries, such as Canada, Australia, and also the United Kingdom, the Incident Command System (ICS). It is concluded that the current Portuguese system to respond incidents involving oil spills at sea, established by the Clean Sea Plan (Plano Mar Limpo, PML), clearly defines the organization of the response through the degrees of readiness and procedures, however, some operational details can be better defined and organized. These details are very objectively and pragmatically addressed by the ICS and could be beneficial if incorporated into a future revision of the PML.
Annually, thousands of vessels cross the waters under the jurisdiction of Portugal, whose Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) besides being one of the largest in Europe, is at the confluence of the busiest sea routes in the world. The more maritime activities increase entails a higher risk of incidents involving consequences such as oil spills at sea. The impacts of oil pollution affect not only the marine environment, but also affect the coast, the economic activities and the population. For these impacts to be minimized, it is important that the first response to the incident is prompt and effective, and for this to happen, not only effective contingency plans are required, but also the integration of response actors. Based on past incident response success models, this integration only occurs if every response team acts together, following the same work model, and is trained to follow a single protocol, with its roles and communications defined. In order to cooperate with the Portuguese authorities, this dissertation presents an analysis of the contingency plans used in Portugal, and their application in the response of an incident with the CP Valour vessel, in 2005, and compares with the United States contingency plans, and their application in the incident occurred in 2015, Refugio Oil Spill. From this analysis are identified what would be the advantages for Portugal, if adopt the principles of the system obligatorily used not only in the United States, but in several other countries, such as Canada, Australia, and also the United Kingdom, the Incident Command System (ICS). It is concluded that the current Portuguese system to respond incidents involving oil spills at sea, established by the Clean Sea Plan (Plano Mar Limpo, PML), clearly defines the organization of the response through the degrees of readiness and procedures, however, some operational details can be better defined and organized. These details are very objectively and pragmatically addressed by the ICS and could be beneficial if incorporated into a future revision of the PML.
Description
Keywords
Gestão de emergências Incident command system Derrames de hidrocarboneto no mar