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Novel bacterial strains for nonylphenol removal in water and sewage sludge: insights from gene expression and toxicity

2025-06-06Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.sdg06:Água Potável e Saneamento
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg14:Proteger a Vida Marinha
dc.contributor.authorLara-Moreno, Alba
dc.contributor.authorAguilar-Romero, Inés
dc.contributor.authorMadrid, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorVillaverde, Jaime
dc.contributor.authorCarlier, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Juan Luís
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Esteban
dc.contributor.authorMorillo, Esmeralda
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-14T10:10:57Z
dc.date.available2026-01-14T10:10:57Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-06
dc.description.abstractAbstract: 4-Nonylphenols (4-NPs) are persistent endocrine disruptors frequently found in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and sewage sludge. This study evaluated the ability of eight bacterial strains that were isolated from sewage sludge to degrade 4-n-NP in an aqueous solution. Bacillus safensis CN12, Shewanella putrefaciens CN17, and Alcaligenes faecalis CN8 showed the highest degradation rates, removing 100%, 75%, and 74% of 4-n-NP (10 mg L−1 ), with DT50 values of 0.90, 8.9, and 10.4 days, respectively. Despite the reduction in 4-n-NP concentrations, ecotoxicity assays revealed that the resulting transformation products (TPs) were more toxic than the parent compound. To investigate the potential degradation mechanisms, in silico and gene expression analyses were conducted on B. safensis CN12, revealing a significant upregulation of the multicopper oxidase gene, cotA (7.25-fold), and the ring-cleaving dioxygenase gene, mhqO (13.9-fold). Although the CN12 strain showed potential for mineralization based on gene expression studies, this was not observed in the aqueous solution. However, when 4-n-NP was adsorbed on sludge and treated with CN12 in the presence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) as a bioavailability enhancer, mineralization reached up to 33%, indicating a synergistic effect with the native sludge microbiota.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app15126408
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/28092
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationBioaugmentation and conjugative plasmid transference using bacteria from extreme environments to enhance biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants in WWTP granular sludge
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Sciences
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectNonylphenol
dc.subjectBiodegradation
dc.subjectMineralization
dc.subjectSewage sludge
dc.subjectBacillus safensis
dc.subjectCyclodextrins
dc.titleNovel bacterial strains for nonylphenol removal in water and sewage sludge: insights from gene expression and toxicityeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleBioaugmentation and conjugative plasmid transference using bacteria from extreme environments to enhance biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants in WWTP granular sludge
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PTDC%2FCTA-AMB%2F7782%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue12
oaire.citation.titleApplied Sciences
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCarlier
person.givenNameJorge
person.identifier.ciencia-id691D-A1BB-15CC
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0675-2716
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102166949
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd4af2b00-61d6-4fd9-b05d-9ed235b5c7de
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd4af2b00-61d6-4fd9-b05d-9ed235b5c7de
relation.isProjectOfPublication0b09c039-bd11-41d7-bebf-ae11435c521d
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0b09c039-bd11-41d7-bebf-ae11435c521d

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