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Publication
Uso racional de antibióticos a nível hospitalar: intervenção do farmacêutico
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| 4.54 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os antibióticos constituem um caso particular no universo dos medicamentos, já que a sua prescrição se destina a combater patologias provocadas por microrganismos, dotados de capacidade de adaptação, podendo tomar-se tolerantes a fármacos que anteriormente provocavam a sua morte e a resolução da doença.
Estes apresentam-se como O único grupo de fármacos a serem especificamente concebidos para não terem nenhuma acção sobre O hospedeiro, sendo por isso considerados um recurso valioso que têm sido desperdiçados ao longo dos anos.
Ao longo das últimas duas décadas, a resistência aos antibióticos tem se tornado um
problema de saúde cada vez mais grave, grave O suficiente para alguns considerarem este resultado da evolução como prenunciando O fim da “era antibiótica”.
Os mecanismos pelos quais estes fármacos adquirem resistências podem ser múltiplos e complexos.
A disseminação da resistência e O alargamento do seu espectro são em parte consequência do abuso da antibioterapia quer na comunidade, quer no meio hospitalar. A melhor estratégia de combate à resistência é uma boa política de prescrição e uso dos antibióticos.
Este problema da resistência é particularmente grave nos hospitais, já que este é um dos locais onde mais se usam antibióticos e onde a maioria dos doentes encontram-se
debilitados, quer seja pela idade, quer Seja pela doença, ou por tratamentos agressivos.
Importa pois perceber em que medida O farmacêutico hospitalar desempenha um papel
relevante na implementação de uso racional de antibióticos e dessa forma contribuir para a diminuição das resistências.
Tem-se como objectivo através desta revisão, divulgar resultados obtidos na literatura
científica internacional, do conjunto de medidas implementadas com o objectivo de um uso mais racional de antibióticos a nível hospitalar, em que O farmacêutico participa.
Antibiotics fonn a special case in the area of medication in that they are prescribed to combat illnesses and diseases caused by microorganisms that are able to adapt and may become tolerant to the pharmaceutical products that previously killed them and cured the disease. Antibiotics are the only group of pharmaceutical products specifically designed not to have any effect on the host and are thus considered to be a valuable resource that has been wasted over the years. Over the past two decades, antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly serious health problem, serious enough for some to view this product of evolution as heralding the end of the antibiotic era. The mechanisms by which these pharmaceutical products become resistant may be multiple and complex. The spread of resistance and the broadening of its Spectrum are partly the result of the abuse of antibiotherapy either in the community or in the hospital environment. An improved strategy for combating resistance is a good policy for the prescription and use of antibiotics. This resistance problem is particularly serious in hospitals, since this is one of the places Where most antibiotics are used and where the majority of patients are commonly compromised by age, illness or aggressive treatment. It is therefore important to appreciate the extent to which hospital phannacists play an important role in implementing the rational use of antibiotics, thereby contributing towards decreased resistance, either at the level of their involvement on committees that control the use of antibacterials, or at the level of their daily actions through the Validation of prescriptions and analysis of cases of misuse. The purpose of this review is to divulge the results obtained in international scientific literature from a set of measures implemented With the aim of a more rational use of antibiotics at hospital level, in Which the pharmacist participates.
Antibiotics fonn a special case in the area of medication in that they are prescribed to combat illnesses and diseases caused by microorganisms that are able to adapt and may become tolerant to the pharmaceutical products that previously killed them and cured the disease. Antibiotics are the only group of pharmaceutical products specifically designed not to have any effect on the host and are thus considered to be a valuable resource that has been wasted over the years. Over the past two decades, antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly serious health problem, serious enough for some to view this product of evolution as heralding the end of the antibiotic era. The mechanisms by which these pharmaceutical products become resistant may be multiple and complex. The spread of resistance and the broadening of its Spectrum are partly the result of the abuse of antibiotherapy either in the community or in the hospital environment. An improved strategy for combating resistance is a good policy for the prescription and use of antibiotics. This resistance problem is particularly serious in hospitals, since this is one of the places Where most antibiotics are used and where the majority of patients are commonly compromised by age, illness or aggressive treatment. It is therefore important to appreciate the extent to which hospital phannacists play an important role in implementing the rational use of antibiotics, thereby contributing towards decreased resistance, either at the level of their involvement on committees that control the use of antibacterials, or at the level of their daily actions through the Validation of prescriptions and analysis of cases of misuse. The purpose of this review is to divulge the results obtained in international scientific literature from a set of measures implemented With the aim of a more rational use of antibiotics at hospital level, in Which the pharmacist participates.
Description
Keywords
Farmacêutico hospitalar Antibióticos Comissões técnicas Resistências Uso racional