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Mecanismos transdiagnósticos nas perturbações da alimentação e da ingestão em jovens universitários
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Abstract(s)
A saúde mental dos estudantes universitários tem despertado a atenção da comunidade científica devido ao aumento da prevalência e gravidade das psicopatologias nesta população. Os estudantes encontram-se num período vulnerável, pois para além da exposição a inúmeros fatores de stresse, situam-se na faixa etária em que surge a maioria das perturbações mentais. O aumento progressivo das preocupações sobre a alimentação e imagem corporal entre os universitários tem contribuído para que as Perturbações da Alimentação e da Ingestão (PAI) estejam a aumentar no meio académico. Constituem um problema de saúde pública resultante da interação complexa de diversos fatores. O perfecionismo é referido como uma característica central no desenvolvimento e manutenção das PAI. A desregulação emocional parece ser também um fator implicado na compreensão destas psicopatologias. Apesar do suporte teórico da temática, a investigação no contexto universitário português é praticamente omissa. O presente estudo procura analisar o contributo do perfecionismo e da desregulação emocional nas atitudes e comportamentos relacionados com as PAI. Participaram 269 estudantes universitários que responderam a um Questionário Sociodemográfico, ao Teste de Atitudes Alimentares-40, à Escala Multidimensional de Perfecionismo e à Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional. A análise correlacional das atitudes e comportamentos alimentares com o perfecionismo e com a desregulação emocional relevou-se positiva. A relação entre o perfecionismo e o comportamento alimentar é parcialmente mediada pela desregulação emocional. Este estudo representa um contributo para a compreensão dos fatores envolvidos no comportamento alimentar, pois corrobora os conhecimentos sobre os mecanismos de manutenção destas perturbações e reflete sobre a interação das três variáveis em estudo, a qual está pouco fundamentada na literatura. Considerando que os primeiros sintomas antecipam o cumprimento dos critérios para diagnóstico clínico, explorar a presença destes fatores precocemente, permitiria prevenir prejuízos no funcionamento global dos estudantes, através do desenvolvimento de programas preventivos/interventivos na universidade.
The mental health of university students has attracted greater attention in the scientific community due to the increased prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders in this population. Students are in a period of great vulnerability since, in addition to being exposed to numerous stress factors, they are in the age group in which many severe psychopathologies appear. The progressive increase in concerns regarding food and body image among students has contributed to an increase in Eating Disorders in the academic environment. These disorders are considered a public health problem, resulting from the complex interaction of several factors. Perfectionism has been pointed out as a central characteristic in the development and maintenance of Eating Disorders. Emotional dysregulation also seems to play an important role in these psychopathologies. Despite all the theoretical support on the topic, research in the portuguese university context is practically non-existent. The present study seeks to analyse the role of perfectionism and emotional dysregulation in attitudes and behaviours related to Eating Disorders. Participants were 269 university students who answered a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-40, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Difficulties of Emotional Regulation Scale. The correlational analysis between dysfunctional eating behaviors, perfectionism and emotional dysregulation revealed positive associations. The relationship between perfectionism and eating behavior is partially mediated by emotional dysregulation. This study represents an important contribution as it corroborates the knowledge regarding the maintenance mechanisms of these disorders and reflects on the interaction of the variables under study, which is poorly substantiated in the literature. Considering that the first eating symptoms anticipate the fulfilment of the criteria for clinical diagnosis, exploring the presence of these factors prevent future losses in the overall functioning of these students, through the development of preventive/interventive programmes at the college.
The mental health of university students has attracted greater attention in the scientific community due to the increased prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders in this population. Students are in a period of great vulnerability since, in addition to being exposed to numerous stress factors, they are in the age group in which many severe psychopathologies appear. The progressive increase in concerns regarding food and body image among students has contributed to an increase in Eating Disorders in the academic environment. These disorders are considered a public health problem, resulting from the complex interaction of several factors. Perfectionism has been pointed out as a central characteristic in the development and maintenance of Eating Disorders. Emotional dysregulation also seems to play an important role in these psychopathologies. Despite all the theoretical support on the topic, research in the portuguese university context is practically non-existent. The present study seeks to analyse the role of perfectionism and emotional dysregulation in attitudes and behaviours related to Eating Disorders. Participants were 269 university students who answered a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-40, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Difficulties of Emotional Regulation Scale. The correlational analysis between dysfunctional eating behaviors, perfectionism and emotional dysregulation revealed positive associations. The relationship between perfectionism and eating behavior is partially mediated by emotional dysregulation. This study represents an important contribution as it corroborates the knowledge regarding the maintenance mechanisms of these disorders and reflects on the interaction of the variables under study, which is poorly substantiated in the literature. Considering that the first eating symptoms anticipate the fulfilment of the criteria for clinical diagnosis, exploring the presence of these factors prevent future losses in the overall functioning of these students, through the development of preventive/interventive programmes at the college.
Description
Keywords
Dificuldades de regulação emocional Estudantes universitários Mecanismos de manutenção Modelo transdiagnóstico