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Dados e probabilidades no 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico: O caso dos chapéus
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Abstract(s)
Este relatório foi realizado no âmbito de um mestrado em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e de Matemática e Ciências Naturais no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. O estudo foi realizado com uma turma do 6.º ano de escolaridade e teve como objetivo principal investigar o impacto do ensino da estatística e das probabilidades na aprendizagem dos alunos do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico, sendo os alunos desafiados a aplicar conceitos de estatística num ciclo investigativo.
O enquadramento teórico aborda a importância da estatística e das probabilidades no currículo escolar, destacando a importância da literacia estatística para a compreensão e análise de dados na vida quotidiana, desenvolvendo nos alunos a capacidade para optarem por decisões informadas. Abordei também a evolução do ensino destes tópicos em Portugal e quais as estratégias pedagógicas que ajudam os alunos a desenvolverem competências de estatística, dando um maior ênfase em métodos investigativos.
A minha investigação foi organizada em várias etapas. Comecei com a formulação da questão de investigação, seguida pela recolha de dados, em que os alunos mediram o perímetro cefálico uns dos outros com fitas de papel. Posteriormente, organizei os dados com os alunos em tabelas e ajudei-os na representação visual das informações recolhidas, em diagramas de caule e folhas e em histogramas. Ao longo deste processo, os alunos enfrentaram alguns desafios, especialmente na organização dos dados em classes e na construção de gráficos adequados. No entanto, com o apoio e a colaboração dos colegas, foram capazes de refletir sobre os seus erros e melhorar o seu raciocínio estatístico.
Nas conclusões, observei que o ensino da estatística e das probabilidades, quando aplicado de forma prática, tem um impacto positivo no desenvolvimento das competências estatísticas dos alunos. As discussões em grupo e a autonomia nas tarefas permitiram que a aprendizagem fosse mais significativa e envolvente.
Recomendo ainda que em futuras investigações considerem o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas para dinamizar o ensino da estatística e facilitar a compreensão dos alunos.
This report was carried out as part of a master’s degree in Teaching in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education and Maths and Natural Sciences in the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education. The study was carried out with a 6th grade class and its main objective was to investigate the impact of teaching statistics and probability on the learning of students in the 2nd cycle of basic education, where the students were challenged to apply statistical concepts in an investigative cycle. The theoretical framework addresses the importance of statistics and probability in the school curriculum, highlighting the importance of statistical literacy for understanding and analysing data in everyday life, developing students' ability to make informed decisions. I also address the evolution of the teaching of these topics in Portugal and which pedagogical strategies help students develop statistical skills, with a greater emphasis on investigative methods. My research was organised in several stages. I started by formulating the research question, followed by data collection, in which the students measured each other's head circumference with paper tapes. Afterwards, I organised the data with the students in tables and helped them visually represent the information they had collected in stem and leaf diagrams and histograms. Throughout this process, the students faced some challenges, especially in organising the data into classes and constructing suitable graphs. However, with the support and collaboration of their classmates, they were able to reflect on their mistakes and improve their statistical reasoning. In my conclusions, I observed that the teaching of statistics and probability, when applied in a practical way, has a positive impact on the development of students' statistical competences. Group discussions and autonomy in tasks made learning more meaningful and engaging. I also recommend that future research consider the use of technological tools to energise the teaching of statistics and facilitate students' understanding.
This report was carried out as part of a master’s degree in Teaching in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education and Maths and Natural Sciences in the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education. The study was carried out with a 6th grade class and its main objective was to investigate the impact of teaching statistics and probability on the learning of students in the 2nd cycle of basic education, where the students were challenged to apply statistical concepts in an investigative cycle. The theoretical framework addresses the importance of statistics and probability in the school curriculum, highlighting the importance of statistical literacy for understanding and analysing data in everyday life, developing students' ability to make informed decisions. I also address the evolution of the teaching of these topics in Portugal and which pedagogical strategies help students develop statistical skills, with a greater emphasis on investigative methods. My research was organised in several stages. I started by formulating the research question, followed by data collection, in which the students measured each other's head circumference with paper tapes. Afterwards, I organised the data with the students in tables and helped them visually represent the information they had collected in stem and leaf diagrams and histograms. Throughout this process, the students faced some challenges, especially in organising the data into classes and constructing suitable graphs. However, with the support and collaboration of their classmates, they were able to reflect on their mistakes and improve their statistical reasoning. In my conclusions, I observed that the teaching of statistics and probability, when applied in a practical way, has a positive impact on the development of students' statistical competences. Group discussions and autonomy in tasks made learning more meaningful and engaging. I also recommend that future research consider the use of technological tools to energise the teaching of statistics and facilitate students' understanding.
Description
Keywords
Dados e probabilidades Literacia estatística Ciclo investigativo 2.º ciclo do ensino básico