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Proposta de desenvolvimento e experiência turística cultural sustentável: estudo de caso do destino turístico Olhão
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Abstract(s)
O crescimento da atividade turística, sem precedentes, nas últimas duas décadas provocou um impacto significativo a vários níveis, nomeadamente económico, social, cultural e ambiental. Verificou-se que o aumento da procura de experiências turísticas culturais acompanhou este crescimento generalizado do turismo. Tendo em consideração esta tendência a presente investigação estabeleceu como problemática o desenvolvimento e experiência turística cultural sustentável - estudo de caso do destino turístico Olhão. Para tal, este estudo realiza-se em dois momentos de investigação. Num primeiro momento apresenta-se uma visão geral sobre a temática das experiências turísticas culturais sustentáveis na Europa com base numa revisão sistemática quantitativa de literatura. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o turismo cultural e as experiências culturais estão intimamente relacionados com a sustentabilidade, mas são necessárias mais investigações para demonstrar a sua relação efetiva nos destinos turísticos.
Num segundo momento da investigação explora-se o conhecimento sobre a relevância atribuída aos recursos culturais e à oferta cultural dos destinos turísticos para a criação de experiências turísticas culturais sustentáveis. Neste estudo empírico contempla-se a perspetiva dos stakeholders e é discutiva a sua participação no processo de planeamento e implementação do turismo, sendo identificadas estratégias considerando os principais desafios no turismo cultural sustentável.
Verifica-se que, em ambos os estudos, o papel dos governos locais na implementação de práticas sustentáveis é reconhecido como muito importante juntamente com a comunicação com os stakeholders e com a comunidade, embora se tenha constatado que estas áreas apresentem grandes fragilidades.
Os resultados enfatizam a forma como os stakeholders percecionam os seus recursos culturais e oferta cultural sendo que os conceitos de identidade cultural, autenticidade, preservação cultural, bem-estar, orgulho e empoderamento da comunidade emergem, principalmente através do património cultural imaterial. Observa-se ainda que os stakeholders consideram a população local como o seu recurso cultural mais significativo, estando desta forma, na origem de experiências culturais únicas que podem ser memoráveis e sustentáveis.
The unprecedented growth of tourism activity in the last two decades has had a significant impact at various levels, including economic, social, cultural and environmental. It has been found that the increase in demand for cultural tourism experiences has accompanied this generalised growth of tourism. Considering this trend, the present research proposes to explore the development of sustainable cultural tourism experiences, using the tourist destination of Olhão as a case study. To this end, this study was carried out in two research moments. In a first moment an overview is presented on the theme of sustainable cultural tourism experiences in Europe based on a systematic quantitative literature review. The results obtained indicate that cultural tourism and cultural experiences are closely related to sustainability, but further research is needed to demonstrate their effective relationship in tourist destinations. In a second stage of research it is important to know what is the relevance attributed to cultural resources and cultural offer of tourist destinations for the creation of sustainable cultural tourism experiences. In this empirical study the stakeholders' perspective was considered. In addition, it was discussed their participation in the process of planning and implementation of tourism, and strategies were identified to address the main challenges in sustainable cultural tourism. It was found that in both studies the role of local governments in implementing sustainable practices is recognised as very important along with communication with stakeholders and the community, although we have noticed that these areas have major weaknesses. The results emphasize how stakeholders perceive their cultural resources and cultural offer, the concepts of cultural identity, authenticity, cultural preservation, well-being, pride and community empowerment emerge, mainly through intangible cultural heritage. It was also observed that stakeholders consider the local population as their most significant cultural resource. In this way, they are at the origin of unique cultural experiences that can be memorable and sustainable.
The unprecedented growth of tourism activity in the last two decades has had a significant impact at various levels, including economic, social, cultural and environmental. It has been found that the increase in demand for cultural tourism experiences has accompanied this generalised growth of tourism. Considering this trend, the present research proposes to explore the development of sustainable cultural tourism experiences, using the tourist destination of Olhão as a case study. To this end, this study was carried out in two research moments. In a first moment an overview is presented on the theme of sustainable cultural tourism experiences in Europe based on a systematic quantitative literature review. The results obtained indicate that cultural tourism and cultural experiences are closely related to sustainability, but further research is needed to demonstrate their effective relationship in tourist destinations. In a second stage of research it is important to know what is the relevance attributed to cultural resources and cultural offer of tourist destinations for the creation of sustainable cultural tourism experiences. In this empirical study the stakeholders' perspective was considered. In addition, it was discussed their participation in the process of planning and implementation of tourism, and strategies were identified to address the main challenges in sustainable cultural tourism. It was found that in both studies the role of local governments in implementing sustainable practices is recognised as very important along with communication with stakeholders and the community, although we have noticed that these areas have major weaknesses. The results emphasize how stakeholders perceive their cultural resources and cultural offer, the concepts of cultural identity, authenticity, cultural preservation, well-being, pride and community empowerment emerge, mainly through intangible cultural heritage. It was also observed that stakeholders consider the local population as their most significant cultural resource. In this way, they are at the origin of unique cultural experiences that can be memorable and sustainable.
Description
Keywords
experiência turística experiência turística cultural sustentabilidade stakeholders revisão sistemática quantitativa