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Abordagem atual na seleção de medicamentos emergentes na Depressão Resistente
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A depressão resistente ao tratamento é caracterizada pela falta de resposta adequada a, pelo menos, dois regimes antidepressivos de diferentes classes, afetando uma percentagem significativa de indivíduos diagnosticados com depressão major.
Recentemente, alguns fármacos emergentes têm sido investigados como alternativas promissoras para a depressão resistente ao tratamento. Entre esses tratamentos, destacam-se a cetamina e a escetamina, antagonistas dos recetores NMDA, que oferecem alívio rápido dos sintomas, em doentes refratários ao tratamento. Outras substâncias psicadélicas, como a psilocibina e o MDMA, têm igualmente mostrado resultados positivos em ensaios clínicos, através da modulação dos circuitos neuronais envolvidos no humor e na cognição.
As abordagens atuais focam-se em alternativas que vão, além dos mecanismos tradicionais de modulação de serotonina, noradrenalina e dopamina, permitindo uma investigação pormenorizada das vias relacionadas com o equilíbrio neuro químico e a plasticidade cerebral.
A seleção dos medicamentos emergentes tem em consideração não apenas os medicamentos inovadores de ação, mas também a capacidade de proporcionar benefícios terapêuticos rápidos e uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida dos doentes. No entanto, apesar dos avanços, os desafios relacionados com a segurança a longo prazo, os efeitos adversos e a eficácia consistente precisam ainda de ser abordados em estudos adicionais.
Assim sendo, os novos tratamentos representam uma mudança significativa na forma com a depressão resistente ao tratamento é tratada, proporcionando esperança e bem-estar aos doentes que não respondem às terapias convencionais.
Treatment-resistant depression is characterized by a lack of adequate response to at least two antidepressant regimens from different classes, affecting a significant percentage of individuals diagnosed with major depression. Recently, some emerging medications have been investigated as promising alternatives for TRD. Among these treatments, ketamine and esketamine stand out, NMDA receptor antagonists, which offer rapid relief of symptoms in patients refractory to treatment. Other psychedelic substances, such as psilocybin and MDMA, have also shown positive results in clinical trials, through the modulation of neuronal circuits involved in mood and cognition. Current approaches focus on alternatives that go beyond the traditional mechanisms of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine modulation, allowing a detailed investigation of pathways related to neurochemical balance and brain plasticity. The selection of emerging medicines considers not only innovative medicines, but also the ability to provide rapid therapeutic benefits and a significant improvement in patients' quality of life. However, despite advances, challenges related to long-term safety, adverse effects, and consistent efficacy still need to be addressed in additional studies. Therefore, the new treatments represent a significant change in the way ESRD is treated, providing hope and well-being to patients who do not respond to conventional therapies.
Treatment-resistant depression is characterized by a lack of adequate response to at least two antidepressant regimens from different classes, affecting a significant percentage of individuals diagnosed with major depression. Recently, some emerging medications have been investigated as promising alternatives for TRD. Among these treatments, ketamine and esketamine stand out, NMDA receptor antagonists, which offer rapid relief of symptoms in patients refractory to treatment. Other psychedelic substances, such as psilocybin and MDMA, have also shown positive results in clinical trials, through the modulation of neuronal circuits involved in mood and cognition. Current approaches focus on alternatives that go beyond the traditional mechanisms of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine modulation, allowing a detailed investigation of pathways related to neurochemical balance and brain plasticity. The selection of emerging medicines considers not only innovative medicines, but also the ability to provide rapid therapeutic benefits and a significant improvement in patients' quality of life. However, despite advances, challenges related to long-term safety, adverse effects, and consistent efficacy still need to be addressed in additional studies. Therefore, the new treatments represent a significant change in the way ESRD is treated, providing hope and well-being to patients who do not respond to conventional therapies.
Description
Keywords
Depressão resistente ao tratamento Medicamentos emergentes Novos tratamentos Antidepressivos Substâncias psicadélicas