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Optimizing lignin cationization: unveiling the impact of reaction conditions through multi-response analysis

2025-10Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Leandro Cid
dc.contributor.authorBernin, Diana
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Luís
dc.contributor.authorRasteiro, Maria Graça
dc.contributor.authorMedronho, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorVarela, Carla
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-29T11:41:50Z
dc.date.available2025-09-29T11:41:50Z
dc.date.issued2025-10
dc.description.abstractLignin, a natural and abundant biopolymer, holds great potential for cosmetic applications. However, its limited solubility and inherently negative charge restrict its use in certain formulations. This is particularly relevant for hair conditioning, where a positively charged polymer is preferred to effectively treat negatively charged damaged hair. To overcome this limitation, lignin extracted from acacia wood residues was chemically cationized, through an etherification reaction, using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationization agent. The cationization process was optimized through a full factorial design of experiments aiming to maximize both the degree of substitution (DS) and ζ-potential of the lignin derivatives, thereby obtaining more positively charged derivatives. The reaction parameters temperature and CHPTAC-tolignin molar ratio were selected as independent variables to be optimized. Results revealed that the reaction temperature is the most relevant parameter for lignin cationization, showing a significant positive influence on lignin modification, while the CHPTAC-to-lignin ratio has no significant impact. Under optimal conditions, soluble derivatives with a DS of 0.61 ± 0.03 and a ζ-potential of 18.79 ± 0.30 mV were obtained, confirming the success of the reaction. This straightforward and efficient approach enhances acacia's lignin solubility and charge properties, broadening its application potential. In particular, it offers a promising alternative for hair conditioning, thus contributing to the sustainable development of bio-based cosmetic ingredients.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipCEECIND/01014/2018/CP1540/CT0002; 2021.00399.CEECIND/CP1656/CT0025
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.cej.2025.167345
dc.identifier.issn1385-8947
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27751
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationChemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre
dc.relationChemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre
dc.relationCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
dc.relationFrom Forest to Crops: Development of sustainable bio-based emulsifiers and fungicides for crops protection.
dc.relationValorization of lignocellulose biomass: Development of sustainable lignin-based derivatives for hair care applications
dc.relationMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
dc.relationAdding value to lignin from biomass for hair care applications
dc.relation.ispartofChemical Engineering Journal
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAcacia wood residues
dc.subjectDesign of experiments
dc.subjectLignin cationization
dc.subjectEtherification
dc.subjectHair conditioners
dc.titleOptimizing lignin cationization: unveiling the impact of reaction conditions through multi-response analysiseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleChemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre
oaire.awardTitleChemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre
oaire.awardTitleCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
oaire.awardTitleFrom Forest to Crops: Development of sustainable bio-based emulsifiers and fungicides for crops protection.
oaire.awardTitleValorization of lignocellulose biomass: Development of sustainable lignin-based derivatives for hair care applications
oaire.awardTitleMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
oaire.awardTitleAdding value to lignin from biomass for hair care applications
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00102%2F2020/PT
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND4ed/2021.00399.CEECIND%2FCP1656%2FCT0025/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//2021.05991.BD/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/26294
oaire.citation.startPage167345
oaire.citation.titleChemical Engineering Journal
oaire.citation.volume522
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC IND4ed
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameFernandes
person.familyNameMedronho
person.givenNameCatarina
person.givenNameBruno
person.identifier.ciencia-id9912-513C-D374
person.identifier.ciencia-id6918-9AB3-8D22
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7763-4122
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