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O impacto do sono no funcionamento cognitivo
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Abstract(s)
O sono é um processo natural e essencial, com um papel preponderante em inúmeras funções neurobiológicas, necessário para a manutenção da saúde física e cognitiva do ser humano. Tem sido, também, o protagonista das queixas mais frequentes nos adultos mais velhos. Mudanças fisiológicas e psicológicas procedentes do processo de senescência podem efetivamente ser observadas na qualidade do sono destes adultos com consequente declínio cognitivo. São diversos os estudos que evidenciam o papel do sono no desempenho cognitivo no envelhecimento. De forma a contribuir para esta temática, o presente estudo tem como objetivo central averiguar a existência de uma relação entre a qualidade do sono e a função cognitiva em adultos mais velhos, dando posterior ênfase ao estudo da relação entre a idade e o a cognição agregando a qualidade do sono subjetiva como potencial mediador. Foram também considerados como potenciais moderadores, a sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa, na relação entre a qualidade do sono subjetiva e a cognição. Para o efeito, foram avaliados 95 participantes, 43 do sexo masculino e 52 do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 83 anos, sendo a média de idades de 62 anos. Aplicou-se o MoCA, o teste de fluência verbal (semântica), os subtestes Memória de Dígitos e Semelhanças da WAIS-III, o AVLT, e o TMT (Parte A e B). Para além das provas neuropsicológicas, foram aplicados dois questionários para avaliar a qualidade do sono (IQSP e o ESE), e um para aferir os níveis de ansiedade e depressão (HADS). Tal como hipotetizado, constatou-se a presença de uma relação entre a qualidade do sono e o funcionamento cognitivo global (capacidades visuoespaciais/funções executivas, na nomeação e na linguagem). Os resultados também conferiram que a qualidade do sono tem um papel relevante na relação entre a idade e as habilidades cognitivas globais. Contudo, não foi observada uma relação significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a função cognitiva global entre os participantes com níveis mais elevados de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos.
Assim, podemos concluir que a qualidade do sono percebida tem um impacto negativo no desempenho cognitivo global. Também se verificou que quanto maior a idade, menor a qualidade do sono e o desempenho cognitivo global. No entanto, os resultados não permitiram confirmar o papel moderador da sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva na relação entre a qualidade do sono e o desempenho cognitivo.
Sleep is an essential natural process with a leading role in numerous neurobiological functions necessary for the maintenance of human physical and cognitive health. It has also been the protagonist of the most frequent complaints in older adults. Physiological and psychological changes, resulting from the senescence process, can effectively be observed in the sleep quality of these adults. Several studies have been emphasizing the role of sleep in cognitive performance in both healthy and pathological aging. In order to contribute to this theme, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in older adults, giving further emphasis to the study of the relationship between age and cognition by adding sleep quality as a potential mediator. Depressive and anxious symptomatology were also considered as potential moderators, in the relationship between sleep quality and cognition. For this purpose, 87 participants were assessed, 40 males and 47 females, aged between 50 and 83 years, with an average age of 62 years. After completing a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire, the MoCA, the verbal fluency test (semantic), the WAIS-III Digit Memory and Similarities subtests, the AVLT, and the TMT (Part A and B) were applied. In addition to the neuropsychological tests, two questionnaires were applied to assess sleep quality (IQSP and ESE), and one to assess levels of anxiety and depression (HADS). As hypothesized, a relationship was found between sleep quality and global cognitive functioning, more specifically in executive capacities/executive functions, in language and nomination. Also, sleep quality results play a role in the relationship between age and cognitive abilities. The older the participants, worse sleep quality and global cognitive performance. Although, it was not possible to verify the moderating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms. Thus, we can conclude that perceived sleep quality has a negative impact on global cognitive performance, such as sleep quality has a mediating effect on the relationship between age and global cognition. However, the results do not allow us to confirm the moderating role of anxious and depressive symptoms in the relationship between sound quality and cognitive performance.
Sleep is an essential natural process with a leading role in numerous neurobiological functions necessary for the maintenance of human physical and cognitive health. It has also been the protagonist of the most frequent complaints in older adults. Physiological and psychological changes, resulting from the senescence process, can effectively be observed in the sleep quality of these adults. Several studies have been emphasizing the role of sleep in cognitive performance in both healthy and pathological aging. In order to contribute to this theme, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in older adults, giving further emphasis to the study of the relationship between age and cognition by adding sleep quality as a potential mediator. Depressive and anxious symptomatology were also considered as potential moderators, in the relationship between sleep quality and cognition. For this purpose, 87 participants were assessed, 40 males and 47 females, aged between 50 and 83 years, with an average age of 62 years. After completing a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire, the MoCA, the verbal fluency test (semantic), the WAIS-III Digit Memory and Similarities subtests, the AVLT, and the TMT (Part A and B) were applied. In addition to the neuropsychological tests, two questionnaires were applied to assess sleep quality (IQSP and ESE), and one to assess levels of anxiety and depression (HADS). As hypothesized, a relationship was found between sleep quality and global cognitive functioning, more specifically in executive capacities/executive functions, in language and nomination. Also, sleep quality results play a role in the relationship between age and cognitive abilities. The older the participants, worse sleep quality and global cognitive performance. Although, it was not possible to verify the moderating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms. Thus, we can conclude that perceived sleep quality has a negative impact on global cognitive performance, such as sleep quality has a mediating effect on the relationship between age and global cognition. However, the results do not allow us to confirm the moderating role of anxious and depressive symptoms in the relationship between sound quality and cognitive performance.
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Keywords
Qualidade do sono Desempenho cognitivo Envelhecimento Sintomatologia ansiosa Sintomatologia depressiva IQSP MoCa