Evaluation of sargassum muticum as a source of vitamin K1 with anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties

Vieira, Bárbara Alexandra Ramires

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/19092

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Authors

Vieira, Bárbara Alexandra Ramires

Advisor(s)

Simes, Dina

Viegas, Carla

Abstract(s)

Age-related diseases are a health burden for our society, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular calcification, and oxidative stress are the main pillars of age-linked pathologies. So far there is no treatment for the pathologies mentioned, and the search for ways to prevent and alleviate the symptoms is high. Consumers often resort to dietary supplements to add nutrients that might be missing from the diet and benefit health. Natural diet supplement products obtained with eco-friendlier and more sustainable processes have increasing demand in the market. Recently vitamin K has been considered a potential factor to relieve chronic inflammation and cardiovascular calcification. At the present, the diet supplement of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) available on the market is produced synthetically. In this work, the aim was to optimize K1 extraction from a natural marine source, Sargassum muticum, an invasive macroalga present on the Portugal coast and to test the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the algae extract containing vitamin K1 In this work, vitamin K1 was extracted with a sustainable and innovative technique such as Energized dispersive energy extraction (EDGE). Vitamin K1 was detected and quantified in several n-hexane extracts obtained with EDGE, using different conditions of temperature and initial biomass, and demonstrated that at 50ºC a higher yield of vitamin K1 was obtained when using higher amounts of initial biomass weight. The EDGE n-hexane extracts of S. muticum containing vitamin K1 were shown to have antioxidative properties by the DPPH assays and anti-inflammatory preventive activity, in the THP-1 macrophage cells inflammatory assay. EDGE S. muticum n-hexane extracts have also been shown to improve gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated with TNF-. The results obtained show the potential of S. muticum as a biomass source to obtain an extract rich in vitamin K1 or to purifyvitamin K1 to produce natural and sustainable diet supplements to help fight, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.

A inflamação crónica é uma patologia em que há sempre um nível base de inflamação a longo prazo que pode durar meses ou até anos. Esta é a origem de muitas doenças, como aterosclerose, osteoartrite, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, etc. As doenças inflamatórias crónicas são cada vez mais preocupantes visto que constituem uma das principais causas de mortalidade. A inflamação crónica é muito comum na população idosa, porque com o envelhecimento há um declínio do sistema imunitário. Neste momento não existe uma cura para a inflamação crónica, o que leva as pessoas a recorrer a anti-inflamatórios para aliviar os sintomas. Contudo a toma de inflamatórios de forma continuada causa efeitos secundários, como por exemplo a irritação gástrica, problemas hemorrágicos e hepáticos.(…)