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Características de vinculação, sintomas psicopatológicos e recursos internos de resiliência em adolescentes institucionalizados
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Abstract(s)
O acolhimento institucional é uma política pública que ocorre em diversos países do mundo como estratégia de proteção para crianças e adolescentes que se encontram em contextos potencialmente danosos para a sua saúde física e mental. Em Portugal, apesar do esforço das instituições em promover boas práticas institucionais e assegurar condições adequadas de desenvolvimento aos adolescentes sob a tutela do Estado, esse grupo-alvo ainda é pouco estudado. A adolescência é uma fase de desenvolvimento marcada por maior instabilidade e pela aquisição de diversas competências emocionais, sociais e cognitivas, reforçando-se a importância dos processos de intervenção precoce.
Neste estudo participaram um total de 68 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 12 e 19 anos, que residiam em cinco Lares de Infância e Juventude do Algarve. O principal objetivo foi o de investigar a associação entre as características de resiliência, a vulnerabilidade da vinculação e a sintomatologia psicopatológica nesta população. Utilizou-se para esse efeito os seguintes instrumentos: Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (HKRAM); Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ); o Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e familiares.
Os resultados confirmaram a prevalência de vinculação insegura entre os adolescentes institucionalizados. Os jovens que apresentaram vinculação segura apresentaram também índices de perceção de resiliência maiores quando comparados com sujeitos com vinculação insegura. Ademais, rapazes e raparigas são afetados diferentemente pela vinculação vulnerável, reportando as raparigas índices mais elevados de sintomatologia psicopatológica. Apesar disso, os resultados também apontam para fatores de proteção como bons níveis de resiliência percebida.
Atendendo aos resultados obtidos, verificamos a importância de estimular o relacionamento com a família e com os técnicos que trabalham nas instituições, gerando um ambiente de acolhimento que também seja sensível as demandas emocionais dos residentes. Conclui-se que apesar dos adolescentes residirem em instituições, os recursos que este ambiente oferece pode impactar positivamente no desenvolvimento dos jovens, sendo um espaço de recuperação e segurança.
Institutional care is a public policy that takes place in several countries of the world as a protection strategy for children and adolescents who find themselves in contexts potentially harmful to their physical and mental health. In Portugal, despite the institutions' efforts to promote good institutional practices and ensure adequate development conditions for adolescents under the tutelage of the State, this target group is still little studied. Adolescence is a developmental phase marked by instability and the acquisition of different emotional, social, and cognitive skills, reinforcing the importance of early intervention. A total of 68 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 19 years, living in five childhood and youth homes in the Algarve participated in this study. The main objective was to investigate the association between resilience characteristics, vulnerable attachment, and psychopathological symptomatology in this population. To achieve these objectives, it was used as instruments the Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (HKRAM); Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ); The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a questionnaire of sociodemographic and family data. The results confirmed the prevalence of insecure attachment among institutionalized adolescents. Young people who presented safe attachment also presented higher resilience perception rates when compared to subjects with insecure attachment. In addition, boys and girls are affected differently by vulnerable attachment, with girls reporting more psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the results also pointed to protective factors such as good levels of perceived resilience. In view of the results obtained, we verified the importance of stimulate the relationship with the family and with the staff who work in the institutions, generating a welcoming environment that is also sensitive to the emotional demands of the residents. It is concluded that although adolescents live in institutions, the resources that this environment offers can positively impact the development of young people, being a space for recovery and security.
Institutional care is a public policy that takes place in several countries of the world as a protection strategy for children and adolescents who find themselves in contexts potentially harmful to their physical and mental health. In Portugal, despite the institutions' efforts to promote good institutional practices and ensure adequate development conditions for adolescents under the tutelage of the State, this target group is still little studied. Adolescence is a developmental phase marked by instability and the acquisition of different emotional, social, and cognitive skills, reinforcing the importance of early intervention. A total of 68 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 19 years, living in five childhood and youth homes in the Algarve participated in this study. The main objective was to investigate the association between resilience characteristics, vulnerable attachment, and psychopathological symptomatology in this population. To achieve these objectives, it was used as instruments the Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module (HKRAM); Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ); The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a questionnaire of sociodemographic and family data. The results confirmed the prevalence of insecure attachment among institutionalized adolescents. Young people who presented safe attachment also presented higher resilience perception rates when compared to subjects with insecure attachment. In addition, boys and girls are affected differently by vulnerable attachment, with girls reporting more psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the results also pointed to protective factors such as good levels of perceived resilience. In view of the results obtained, we verified the importance of stimulate the relationship with the family and with the staff who work in the institutions, generating a welcoming environment that is also sensitive to the emotional demands of the residents. It is concluded that although adolescents live in institutions, the resources that this environment offers can positively impact the development of young people, being a space for recovery and security.
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Keywords
Institucionalização Adolescência Vinculação Psicopatologia Resiliência