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Perfecionismo, imagem corporal e comportamento alimentar: estudo comparativo entre jovens-adultos com e sem prática de atividade física
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Abstract(s)
A apresentação de uma imagem perfeita é generalizada e muito valorizada na sociedade atual. O perfecionismo, pautado pela elevada autoexigência, busca de padrões ideais de desempenho ou de valorização pessoal, tem sido estabelecido como fator de risco e de manutenção de perturbações da imagem corporal e do comportamento alimentar, de acordo com a abordagem transdiagnóstica. A pressão atual para a perfeição e obtenção de estatuto social têm contribuído para um aumento significativo da prevalência destas perturbações, que apresentam como comportamentos compensatórios frequentes padrões disfuncionais de exercício físico.
O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre o perfecionismo, a imagem corporal e a existência de comportamentos alimentares perturbados, em jovens-adultos com diferentes níveis de exercício físico. Participaram 226 jovens-adultos, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre os 18 e os 35 anos, que responderam à Escala Multidimensional de Perfecionismo, ao Questionário de Forma Corporal e ao Inventário de Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar–2.
Os resultados na amostra total evidenciam elevados níveis de perfecionismo socialmente prescrito e uma ligeira insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Os participantes do grupo com prática de exercício físico obtiveram valores médios significativamente mais elevados de Perfecionismo Orientado aos Outros e maior disfuncionalidade no Comportamento Alimentar (escala total e algumas subescalas), comparativamente aos que não praticam exercício físico. Estes resultados sugerem que os indivíduos que praticam exercício físico poderão beneficiar de intervenções direcionadas ao perfecionismo, mas sobretudo ao comportamento alimentar disfuncional. São discutidas as implicações práticas do estudo.
Presenting a perfect image is widespread and highly valued in today's society. Perfectionism, guided by high self-demand, the search for ideal standards of performance or personal appreciation, has been established as a risk factor and maintenance of disturbances in body image and eating behavior, according to the transdiagnostic approach. The current pressure for perfection and obtaining social status has contributed to a significant increase in the prevalence of these disorders, which present frequent dysfunctional patterns of physical exercise as compensatory behaviors. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between perfectionism, body image and the existence of disturbed eating behaviors, in young adults with different levels of physical exercise. Participants were 226 young adults, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 35, who responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Eating Behavior Disorders Inventory-2. The results in the total sample show the existence of high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism and a slight dissatisfaction with body image. Participants in the group who practice physical exercise obtained significantly higher mean values of Other-Oriented Perfectionism and greater dysfunctionality in eating behavior (total scale and some subscales), compared to those who do not practice physical exercise. These results suggest that individuals who practice physical exercise may benefit from interventions aimed at perfectionism, but above all at dysfunctional eating behavior. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
Presenting a perfect image is widespread and highly valued in today's society. Perfectionism, guided by high self-demand, the search for ideal standards of performance or personal appreciation, has been established as a risk factor and maintenance of disturbances in body image and eating behavior, according to the transdiagnostic approach. The current pressure for perfection and obtaining social status has contributed to a significant increase in the prevalence of these disorders, which present frequent dysfunctional patterns of physical exercise as compensatory behaviors. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between perfectionism, body image and the existence of disturbed eating behaviors, in young adults with different levels of physical exercise. Participants were 226 young adults, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 35, who responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Eating Behavior Disorders Inventory-2. The results in the total sample show the existence of high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism and a slight dissatisfaction with body image. Participants in the group who practice physical exercise obtained significantly higher mean values of Other-Oriented Perfectionism and greater dysfunctionality in eating behavior (total scale and some subscales), compared to those who do not practice physical exercise. These results suggest that individuals who practice physical exercise may benefit from interventions aimed at perfectionism, but above all at dysfunctional eating behavior. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Keywords
Perfecionismo Perturbações da alimentação e da ingestão Imagem corporal Exercício físico Jovens adultos