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This document is part of the instruction process for Rita Castilho's candidacy to “Agregação”, under the terms of Decree-Law nº 239/2007 of 19 June, of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. It constitutes the pedagogical report of the curricular unit of Evolution and Marine Biogeography and is presented in English because the UC is part of the course plan of the (international) Master's Degree in Marine Biology at the University of Algarve, which is entirely taught in English. This document contains the contents of the program presented in detail and serves as a basis for the lessons of the curricular unit. The lesson is a general review of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean
phylogeography, mainly focused on fish, although other biological models are also referred to when appropriate. We will first build background information before
addressing the case studies. As background information, we will refer to (1) the formation of the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins; (2) the significant changes in their conformation, (3) the geological and climatic events and their impacts on marine populations; (4) the main drivers of marine dispersion and differentiation; (5) the genetic assessment of connectivity among populations; (6) the main molecular markers used in phylogeography. With this foundation laid out, we proceed to expose various illustrative case studies that represent examples that follow hypotheses and expectations and others that are exceptions, showing the richness of knowledge that can be derived from phylogeographic studies.
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