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Indicações terapêuticas dos inibidores da aromatase: revisão da literatura e perspetivas futuras
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Atualmente, os inibidores da aromatase são uma classe de fármacos usados principalmente no tratamento de situações oncológicas, particularmente em mulheres, no caso do cancro da mama. A aromatase é a enzima que catalisa a conversão de androgénios em estrogénios, estando presente em vários tecidos e órgãos do organismo, como tecido adiposo, ovários, tecido ósseo, cérebro e células malignas, sendo a sua função regulada de forma distinta em cada tipo de tecido. A obesidade é um problema de saúde mundial crescente, com tendência a aumentar, bem como a esperança média de vida, pelo que patologias e fatores psicológicos e fisiológicos associados ao envelhecimento têm maior prevalência. As indicações terapêuticas dos inibidores da aromatase atuais visam o tratamento e prevenção da recidiva cancerígena, no entanto, o efeito terapêutico pode ser utilizado para situações diferentes como a obesidade, tendo por base o conhecimento sobre a aromatase, bem como o seu uso “off-label”. Com base nas considerações anteriores, o objetivo da presente dissertação foi retratar as indicações terapêuticas dos inibidores da aromatase e apresentar o funcionamento da aromatase no organismo como um todo, o impacto que apresenta na saúde e como isso pode ser explorado, com base no perfil de segurança avaliado em situações oncológicas, para diferentes situações como a obesidade. Considerando o perfil de segurança dos inibidores da aromatase, o mecanismo apresentado e possível benefício, seria uma mais-valia a realização de alguns estudos com variáveis a avaliar do foro neuro-cognitivo, endocrinológico e fisiológico, nomeadamente massa corporal gorda, magra e óssea.
Currently, aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs used primarily in the treatment of oncological conditions, particularly in women, in the case of breast cancer. Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens and is present in various tissues and organs of the body, such as adipose tissue, ovaries, bone tissue, brain and malignant cells, with its function regulated differently in each type of tissue. Obesity is a growing global health problem, with a tendency to increase, as does average life expectancy, so that pathologies and psychological and physiological factors associated with aging are more prevalent. The therapeutic indications of current aromatase inhibitors aim to treat and prevent cancer recurrence, however, the therapeutic effect can be used for different situations such as obesity, based on knowledge about aromatase, as well as its “off-label” use. Based on the previous considerations, the objective of this dissertation is to portray the therapeutic indications of aromatase inhibitors and present how aromatase works in the body, its impact on health and how this can be explored, based on the safety profile evaluated in oncological situations, for different situations such as obesity. Considering the safety profile of aromatase inhibitors, the mechanism presented and possible benefit, it would be an added value to carry out some studies with variables to be evaluated in the neuro-cognitive, endocrinological and physiological fields, namely fat, lean and bone body mass.
Currently, aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs used primarily in the treatment of oncological conditions, particularly in women, in the case of breast cancer. Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens and is present in various tissues and organs of the body, such as adipose tissue, ovaries, bone tissue, brain and malignant cells, with its function regulated differently in each type of tissue. Obesity is a growing global health problem, with a tendency to increase, as does average life expectancy, so that pathologies and psychological and physiological factors associated with aging are more prevalent. The therapeutic indications of current aromatase inhibitors aim to treat and prevent cancer recurrence, however, the therapeutic effect can be used for different situations such as obesity, based on knowledge about aromatase, as well as its “off-label” use. Based on the previous considerations, the objective of this dissertation is to portray the therapeutic indications of aromatase inhibitors and present how aromatase works in the body, its impact on health and how this can be explored, based on the safety profile evaluated in oncological situations, for different situations such as obesity. Considering the safety profile of aromatase inhibitors, the mechanism presented and possible benefit, it would be an added value to carry out some studies with variables to be evaluated in the neuro-cognitive, endocrinological and physiological fields, namely fat, lean and bone body mass.
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Palavras-chave
Androgénios Aromatase Envelhecimento Estrogénios Inibidores da aromatase Obesidade