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A (In)sensibilidade ao sofrimento na Dark Tetrad
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Abstract(s)
Do nosso conhecimento, são poucos os estudos que avaliam a resposta emocional com base na avaliação multi-método, que se tem demonstrado precioso para captar respostas implícitas mais subtis. Esta avaliação implícita parece ainda tornar-se de maior utilidade quando pretendemos avaliar amostras de participantes com traços patológicos da personalidade como, por exemplo, sujeitos com facetas Dark Tetrad (DT), por se tratarem de sujeitos manipuladores e com forte capacidade de se dissimularem em instrumentos de autorrelato. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo do nosso estudo foi observar de que forma os níveis de resposta emocional (implícitas e explicitas), face a imagens e sons de sofrimento dos outros, se relacionavam com as diferentes facetas da DT. Fomos também perceber a influência do tipo (neutro vs violento) e modalidade (visual vs auditivo) do estimulo nesta reação. Para o efeito, foram selecionados 35 estudantes universitários portugueses (25 mulheres e 10 homens) com uma média de idades de 20.46 anos. Os participantes responderam ao Inventário Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus, Neuman & Jones, 2018) e à Escala Dirty Dozen (DD; Jonason & Webster, 2010), e de seguida foram avaliados numa tarefa visual e auditiva de exposição implícita ao sofrimento do outro, tendo sido registada a resposta galvânica da pele. No final, os participantes foram sujeitos a uma medida de avaliação emocional explícita (SAM; Self-Assessment Manikin). Os nossos principais resultados sugerem que a experiência proporcionou uma maior reatividade aos estímulos violentos, sobretudo na modalidade auditiva. Conseguimos ainda verificar que as facetas da DT, assim como a escala DD, se associam a uma maior insensibilidade ao sofrimento do outro, sobretudo no que se refere às facetas sadismo e psicopatia.
From our knowledge there are few studies that rate emotional responses based on multimethod evaluation, which has been proven to be valuable in capturing more subtle implicit responses. This implicit evaluation still seems to be of greater use when we intend to evaluate samples of participants with pathological personality traits as for example, subjects with Dark Tetrad (DT) traits, as they are manipulative and with a strong ability to disguise themselves in self-report instruments. In this context, the main objective of our study was to observe how the levels of emotional response (implicit and explicit), to stimulus of suffering of others, were related to the different traits of DT. We also noticed the influence of type (neutral vs violent) and modality (visual vs auditory) of the stimulus in this reaction. For this purpose, were selected 35 portuguese university students (25 women and 10 men) with a mean of age of 20.46 years. Participants responded to the Short Dark Tetrad Inventory (SD4; Paulhus, Neuman & Jones, 2018) and the Dirty Dozen Scale (DD; Jonason & Webster, 2010), and were then evaluated on a visual and auditory task of implicit exposure to the suffering of others, while having the galvanic skin response recorded. In the end the participants were subjected to an explicit emotional assessment measure (SAM; Self-Assessment Manikin). Our main results suggest that the experience proved higher reactivity to violent stimuli, especially in the auditory modality. We were also able to verify that the facets of DT, as well as the DD scale, are associated with a greater insensitivity to the suffering of others, especially with regard to the traits sadism and psychopathy.
From our knowledge there are few studies that rate emotional responses based on multimethod evaluation, which has been proven to be valuable in capturing more subtle implicit responses. This implicit evaluation still seems to be of greater use when we intend to evaluate samples of participants with pathological personality traits as for example, subjects with Dark Tetrad (DT) traits, as they are manipulative and with a strong ability to disguise themselves in self-report instruments. In this context, the main objective of our study was to observe how the levels of emotional response (implicit and explicit), to stimulus of suffering of others, were related to the different traits of DT. We also noticed the influence of type (neutral vs violent) and modality (visual vs auditory) of the stimulus in this reaction. For this purpose, were selected 35 portuguese university students (25 women and 10 men) with a mean of age of 20.46 years. Participants responded to the Short Dark Tetrad Inventory (SD4; Paulhus, Neuman & Jones, 2018) and the Dirty Dozen Scale (DD; Jonason & Webster, 2010), and were then evaluated on a visual and auditory task of implicit exposure to the suffering of others, while having the galvanic skin response recorded. In the end the participants were subjected to an explicit emotional assessment measure (SAM; Self-Assessment Manikin). Our main results suggest that the experience proved higher reactivity to violent stimuli, especially in the auditory modality. We were also able to verify that the facets of DT, as well as the DD scale, are associated with a greater insensitivity to the suffering of others, especially with regard to the traits sadism and psychopathy.
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Keywords
Dark tetrad Insensibilidade ao sofrimento Reatividade Psicofisiológica Variação emocional