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Ansiedade nos jovens adultos: farmacoterapia e revisão bibliográfica
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Abstract(s)
Na Antiguidade, os filósofos abordavam estados emocionais como a ansiedade, conectando-os a traços morais, sem considerá-la como uma patologia. No século XIX, a ansiedade foi identificada como uma condição patológica distinta, com Sigmund Freud destacando-a como uma síndrome independente, precursora dos transtornos modernos.
Em 2019, a prevalência global de transtornos de ansiedade foi de 4,05%, refletindo um aumento significativo desde 1990. A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou este problema, elevando os casos de ansiedade devido às adversidades e medidas de quarentena.
A ansiedade em níveis ligeiros/moderados pode ter benefícios, no entanto, quando elevada, reflete um estado de alerta diante de uma ameaça iminente. É caracterizada por preocupações excessivas e persistentes podendo manifestar sintomas físicos e psicológicos, como sudorese, taquicardia e tremores devido à ativação do sistema nervoso simpático. O diagnóstico da ansiedade é realizado por meio de métodos como questionários padronizados para avaliar o estado mental e o nível de ansiedade, como o GAD-7 e o DASS-21. O tratamento varia conforme a intensidade da ansiedade e pode envolver terapia cognitivo-comportamental e farmacológica. É crucial distinguir entre ansiedade ligeira e transtornos de ansiedade, que são persistentes e incapacitantes.
O farmacêutico desempenha um papel vital na saúde pública, frequentemente atuando como o principal ponto de acesso e último contato dos pacientes nos serviços de saúde, oferecendo orientações cruciais acerca da utilização de medicamentos, como posologia e efeitos indesejáveis.
Concluindo, a ansiedade, anteriormente vista como uma característica emocional, é hoje reconhecida como uma condição patológica com grande impacto na saúde global. O aumento dos transtornos de ansiedade exige abordagens terapêuticas eficazes. Nesse contexto, o farmacêutico desempenha um papel crucial, orientando o uso adequado de medicamentos e ajudando a identificar sinais de alerta.
In ancient times, philosophers addressed emotional states such as anxiety, linking them to moral traits without considering them as a pathology. In the 19th century, anxiety was identified as a distinct pathological condition, with Sigmund Freud highlighting it as an independent syndrome, a precursor to modern disorders. In 2019, the global prevalence of anxiety disorders was 4.05%, reflecting a significant increase since 1990. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this issue, leading to a rise in anxiety cases due to the adversities and quarantine measures imposed. Mild to moderate levels of anxiety can have benefits; however, when elevated, it reflects a state of alertness in the face of an imminent threat. It is characterized by excessive and persistent worries, potentially manifesting in physical, behavioural, and psychological symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, tremors, and palpitations due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Anxiety diagnosis is performed using various methods and assessment tools, such as standardized questionnaires like the GAD-7 and DASS-21 to evaluate mental state and anxiety level. Treatment varies according to the severity of anxiety and may involve cognitive-behavioural and pharmacological therapy. It is crucial to distinguish between mild anxiety and anxiety disorders, as the latter are persistent and debilitating. Pharmacists play a vital role in public health, often serving as the primary point of access and the last contact for patients in healthcare services. The pharmacist provides crucial guidance on the proper use of medications, such as dosage, side effects, and contraindications, to prevent dependencies and adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, anxiety, once viewed as an emotional trait, is now recognized as a pathological condition with a significant impact on global health. The rise in anxiety disorders calls for effective therapeutic approaches. In this context, the pharmacist plays a crucial role, providing guidance on the proper use of medications and helping to identify warning signs.
In ancient times, philosophers addressed emotional states such as anxiety, linking them to moral traits without considering them as a pathology. In the 19th century, anxiety was identified as a distinct pathological condition, with Sigmund Freud highlighting it as an independent syndrome, a precursor to modern disorders. In 2019, the global prevalence of anxiety disorders was 4.05%, reflecting a significant increase since 1990. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this issue, leading to a rise in anxiety cases due to the adversities and quarantine measures imposed. Mild to moderate levels of anxiety can have benefits; however, when elevated, it reflects a state of alertness in the face of an imminent threat. It is characterized by excessive and persistent worries, potentially manifesting in physical, behavioural, and psychological symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, tremors, and palpitations due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Anxiety diagnosis is performed using various methods and assessment tools, such as standardized questionnaires like the GAD-7 and DASS-21 to evaluate mental state and anxiety level. Treatment varies according to the severity of anxiety and may involve cognitive-behavioural and pharmacological therapy. It is crucial to distinguish between mild anxiety and anxiety disorders, as the latter are persistent and debilitating. Pharmacists play a vital role in public health, often serving as the primary point of access and the last contact for patients in healthcare services. The pharmacist provides crucial guidance on the proper use of medications, such as dosage, side effects, and contraindications, to prevent dependencies and adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, anxiety, once viewed as an emotional trait, is now recognized as a pathological condition with a significant impact on global health. The rise in anxiety disorders calls for effective therapeutic approaches. In this context, the pharmacist plays a crucial role, providing guidance on the proper use of medications and helping to identify warning signs.
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Keywords
Ansiedade Farmacoterapia Medidas não farmacológicas Farmacêutico