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Novas abordagens terapêuticas no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia: arroz vermelho fermentado
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade e morbilidade nos países mais industrializados. Cerca de 17,7 milhões de pessoas morreram por doenças cardiovasculares em 2015, representando 31% de todas as mortes globais.
As doenças cardiovasculares são distúrbios do aparelho cardiovascular e são causadas geralmente devido à presença de uma combinação de fatores de risco. A dislipidemia é um dos fatores de risco cardiovascular mais importante, e é o termo utilizado para designar todas as anomalias quantitativas ou qualitativas dos lípidos sanguíneos e podem ser classificadas como: hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, dislipidemia mista e redução dos níveis de colesterol HDL.
Em Portugal, as doenças cardiovasculares estão entre as principais causas de morbilidade, invalidez e anos potenciais de vida perdidos, e por este motivo é essencial a adoção de medidas preventivas. O farmacêutico, enquanto agente de saúde pública, pode intervir no rastreio de várias doenças, incluindo as doenças cardiovasculares.
Aproximadamente, 13 milhões de adultos necessitam de tomar antidislipidémicos de forma a controlar a hipercolesterolemia. Entre os antidislipidémicos disponíveis para o tratamento da hipercolesterolemia, as estatinas constituem a primeira opção farmacológica. Embora as estatinas sejam, geralmente, bem toleradas existem efeitos adversos a considerar. Os sintomas musculares (miopatia e mialgia) são os efeitos adversos mais comuns. Por isso, uma abordagem alternativa segura e eficaz para o controlo da dislipidemia é necessária.
O arroz vermelho fermentado (produto fermentado da levedura Monascus purpureus) pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento da hipercolesterolemia. No entanto, apesar de o arroz vermelho fermentado ser visto como uma alternativa natural aos fármacos antidislipidémicos, não significa que é totalmente seguro e sem quaisquer efeitos adversos.Assim, com o desenvolvimento desta monografia, pretende-se estudar o arroz vermelho fermentado como alternativa ao uso de estatinas no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia, verificando a sua eficácia e segurança.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the most industrialized countries. About 17.7 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2015, accounting for 31% of all global deaths. Cardiovascular diseases are disorders of the cardiovascular system and are usually caused due to the presence of a combination of risk factors. Dyslipidemia is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors and is the term used to describe all quantitative or qualitative anomalies of blood lipids and may be classified as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed dyslipidemia and reduction of HDL cholesterol levels. In Portugal, cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity, disability and potential years of life lost and for this reason it is essential to adopt preventive measures in individuals at risk. The pharmacist, as a public health agent, can intervene in the screening of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 13 million adults need to take antidyslipidemic drugs to control hypercholesterolemia. Among the antidyslipidemic agents available for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are statins, the first pharmacological option. Although statins are generally well tolerated there are adverse effects to consider. Muscle symptoms (myopathy and myalgia) are the most common adverse effects. Therefore, a safe and effective alternative approach to the control of dyslipidemia is required. Red yeast rice (fermented product of yeast Monascus purpureus) may be an alternative for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, although red yeast rice is seen as a natural alternative to antidyslipidemic drugs, it does not mean that it is completely safe and without any adverse effects. Thus, with the development of this monograph, it is intended to study red yeast rice as an alternative to the use of statins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, verifying its efficacy and safety.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the most industrialized countries. About 17.7 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2015, accounting for 31% of all global deaths. Cardiovascular diseases are disorders of the cardiovascular system and are usually caused due to the presence of a combination of risk factors. Dyslipidemia is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors and is the term used to describe all quantitative or qualitative anomalies of blood lipids and may be classified as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed dyslipidemia and reduction of HDL cholesterol levels. In Portugal, cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity, disability and potential years of life lost and for this reason it is essential to adopt preventive measures in individuals at risk. The pharmacist, as a public health agent, can intervene in the screening of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 13 million adults need to take antidyslipidemic drugs to control hypercholesterolemia. Among the antidyslipidemic agents available for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are statins, the first pharmacological option. Although statins are generally well tolerated there are adverse effects to consider. Muscle symptoms (myopathy and myalgia) are the most common adverse effects. Therefore, a safe and effective alternative approach to the control of dyslipidemia is required. Red yeast rice (fermented product of yeast Monascus purpureus) may be an alternative for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, although red yeast rice is seen as a natural alternative to antidyslipidemic drugs, it does not mean that it is completely safe and without any adverse effects. Thus, with the development of this monograph, it is intended to study red yeast rice as an alternative to the use of statins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, verifying its efficacy and safety.
Description
Keywords
Hipercolesterolemia Estatinas Arroz vermelho fermentado Monascus purpureus