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Características de empatia, psicopatologia, e vinculação em adolescentes com medida de acolhimento institucional
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Abstract(s)
Em Portugal, milhares de crianças e adolescentes encontram-se anualmente ao abrigo do sistema de acolhimento institucional. Quando a criança ou adolescente é sinalizada como estando em perigo, o tribunal ou as Comissões de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens podem requerer o seu acolhimento residencial. Seja por motivos anteriores ou posteriores ao acolhimento, este grupo-alvo manifesta particularidades clínicas que importa conhecer melhor. Procurou-se, num primeiro estudo com uma amostra de 77 adolescentes do sexo feminino (12- 19 anos), investigar a associação entre características de empatia e sintomatologia psicopatológica na presença de fatores de vulnerabilidade psicossocial. Utilizou-se para esse efeito os instrumentos Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), o Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e familiares. Num segundo estudo, pretendeu-se comparar duas amostras de adolescentes de ambos os sexos: um grupo de 35 adolescentes com medida de acolhimento institucional, e outro grupo de 59 adolescentes que residiam com as famílias, com o objetivo conhecer a prevalência de diferentes estilos de vinculação segundo o Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ).
Os resultados do primeiro estudo sugeriram que as adolescentes com menos características empáticas são provenientes de famílias monoparentais, apresentam historial de problemas de comportamento na infância, têm diagnóstico psicopatológico, e vivenciam conflito na relação com o pai. Ainda, as adolescentes em conflito com o pai, e/ou que sofreram negligência e abuso físico simultâneo, revelam mais sintomas psicopatológicos. O segundo estudo indicou que os adolescentes institucionalizados manifestam predominantemente estilos de vinculação de tipo Inseguro-Ansioso e Inseguro-Evitante. Os resultados salientam a importância de respostas socias adequadas em situações de monoparentalidade e maus-tratos, e destacam a influência da relação com o pai na saúde mental das adolescentes. A elevada prevalência de estilos de vinculação vulnerável nos adolescentes institucionalizados alerta para as consequências psicossociais a médio e longo-prazo, nesta população.
Every year, thousands of children and teenagers are protected by the foster care system in Portugal. When a child or teenager is in danger, the family court or the child protective services may request to place them at a residential foster care. In result of situations that happened before or after the foster care, this target group shows clinical peculiarities that must be investigated. In the first study with a sample of 77 female teenagers (12-19 years old), the main aim was to explore the association between empathy features and psychopathological symptoms in the presence of psychosocial vulnerability factors. With that purpose, it was used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a sociodemographic data questionnaire. In the second study it was compared two teenager’s samples, both females and males: the first group consists of 35 teenagers in residential foster care, and in the other 59 teenagers living with their families. The main goal was to understand the prevalence of the different attachment styles according to the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ). The results of the first study suggested that teenagers with less empathic features belong to single parent families, showed behavior problems during infancy, have a current psychopathological diagnosis, and maintain a conflictual relationship with their father. Plus, teenagers that maintain a conflictual relationship with their father and/or that suffered neglect and physical abuse simultaneously in the past, show evidence of more psychopathological symptoms. The results of the second study indicated that teenagers in residential foster care manifest mainly Insecure Anxious style and Insecure Avoidant style attachment. The results point out the importance of appropriate social responses for single parent families and in situations of maltreatment, and also highlights the influence of the teenager-father relationship for the teenager’s mental health. The high prevalence of vulnerable attachment styles showed by teenagers in foster care alerts for the mid and long-term psychosocial consequences for this population.
Every year, thousands of children and teenagers are protected by the foster care system in Portugal. When a child or teenager is in danger, the family court or the child protective services may request to place them at a residential foster care. In result of situations that happened before or after the foster care, this target group shows clinical peculiarities that must be investigated. In the first study with a sample of 77 female teenagers (12-19 years old), the main aim was to explore the association between empathy features and psychopathological symptoms in the presence of psychosocial vulnerability factors. With that purpose, it was used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a sociodemographic data questionnaire. In the second study it was compared two teenager’s samples, both females and males: the first group consists of 35 teenagers in residential foster care, and in the other 59 teenagers living with their families. The main goal was to understand the prevalence of the different attachment styles according to the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ). The results of the first study suggested that teenagers with less empathic features belong to single parent families, showed behavior problems during infancy, have a current psychopathological diagnosis, and maintain a conflictual relationship with their father. Plus, teenagers that maintain a conflictual relationship with their father and/or that suffered neglect and physical abuse simultaneously in the past, show evidence of more psychopathological symptoms. The results of the second study indicated that teenagers in residential foster care manifest mainly Insecure Anxious style and Insecure Avoidant style attachment. The results point out the importance of appropriate social responses for single parent families and in situations of maltreatment, and also highlights the influence of the teenager-father relationship for the teenager’s mental health. The high prevalence of vulnerable attachment styles showed by teenagers in foster care alerts for the mid and long-term psychosocial consequences for this population.
Description
Keywords
Empatia Psicopatologia Vinculação Acolhimento institucional Vulnerabilidade psicossocial.