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Inibidores da bomba de protões: efeitos do uso prolongado
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Abstract(s)
Os Inibidores de bomba de protões (IBPs) são fármacos envolvidos no tratamento
de diversas patologias gástricas. Estes medicamentos atuam através da inibição
irreversível da bomba de hidrogénio / potássio nas células parietais gástricas, reduzindo
a secreção de ácido gástrico. Os IBPs são geralmente bem tolerados, no entanto podem
aumentar o risco de um desequilíbrio na composição da microbiota intestinal, levando a
efeitos secundários graves. Em Portugal, os inibidores de bomba de protões autorizados
no mercado são: o omeprazol, o pantoprazol, o rabeprazol, o esomeprazol, o lansoprazol, e
o dexlansoprazol.
Os IBPs são geralmente usados no tratamento de patologias como a infeção por
Helicobacter pylori, pirose, síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison, doença do refluxo
gastroesofágico e úlceras pépticas. Apesar do tratamento eficaz, o uso destes
medicamentos a longo prazo traz várias consequências para a saúde como as alterações
na absorção de vitaminas e minerais, deficiência de vitamina B12, maior risco de fraturas,
infeções por Clostridium difficile, doença renal crónica, hipergastrinemia e
hipomagnesemia, entre outros.
O correto uso destes medicamentos e a sua descontinuação deve ser acompanhado
por profissionais de saúde. Todos os profissionais de saúde, como médico, enfermeiro e
farmacêutico têm um papel fulcral para a realização da terapêutica, devido à sua formação
e educação, reduzindo significativamente o número do mau uso do medicamento por parte
dos utentes.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs involved in the treatment of various gastric pathologies. These drugs act by irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium pump in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion. PPI are generally well tolerated, however it can increase the risk of an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal flora, leading to serious side effects. In Portugal, the main active substances of PPIs are omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, and dexlansoprazole. PPIs are commonly used to treat conditions such as Helicobacter pylori infection, heartburn, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcers. Despite effective treatment, the long-term use of these medications has several health consequences such as changes in the absorption of vitamins and minerals, vitamin B12 deficiency, increased risk of fractures, Clostridium difficile infections, chronic kidney disease, hypergastrinemia and hypomagnesemia, among others. The correct use of these medications and their discontinuation must be monitored by health professionals. All health professionals, such as physicians, nurses and pharmacists, play a pivotal role in carrying out therapy, due to their training and education, significantly reducing the number of misuse of the drug by users.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs involved in the treatment of various gastric pathologies. These drugs act by irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium pump in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion. PPI are generally well tolerated, however it can increase the risk of an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal flora, leading to serious side effects. In Portugal, the main active substances of PPIs are omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, and dexlansoprazole. PPIs are commonly used to treat conditions such as Helicobacter pylori infection, heartburn, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcers. Despite effective treatment, the long-term use of these medications has several health consequences such as changes in the absorption of vitamins and minerals, vitamin B12 deficiency, increased risk of fractures, Clostridium difficile infections, chronic kidney disease, hypergastrinemia and hypomagnesemia, among others. The correct use of these medications and their discontinuation must be monitored by health professionals. All health professionals, such as physicians, nurses and pharmacists, play a pivotal role in carrying out therapy, due to their training and education, significantly reducing the number of misuse of the drug by users.
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Keywords
Bomba de protões Inibidores Uso prolongado IBPs