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Conhecimento, comportamento e atitudes dos pais perante a prescrição de antibióticos nas infeções respiratórias
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Abstract(s)
A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é na atualidade um dos problemas de saúde pública mais importantes a nível mundial, apresentando consequências clínicas e económicas preocupantes que resultam do seu uso inadequado.
As patologias do trato respiratório contribuem para o uso excessivo de antibióticos uma vez que, apesar da sua etiologia viral, é frequente a sua prescrição em crianças. A falta de conhecimentos dos pais sobre a terapêutica antibacteriana, gera comportamentos e atitudes inadequadas perante os médicos assistentes, afetam a adesão à terapêutica e promovem a automedicação, o que é prejudicial para a criança e contribui para o insucesso terapêutico.
Neste sentido, o desenvolvimento deste trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento, comportamento e atitudes de pais de crianças com menos de 12 anos de idade, residentes no Algarve, relativamente à prescrição de antibióticos para o tratamento de infeções respiratórias dos seus filhos.
A recolha de informação foi obtida através do preenchimento de um inquérito online, distribuído por envio de e-mail a instituições e por partilha nas redes sociais.
Salientando os principais resultados, é de referir que a adesão à terapêutica se revelou bastante positiva com valores acima dos 90 %, verificando-se que os cuidados a ter durante a administração foram as recomendações mais difíceis de cumprir.
A automedicação foi praticada maioritariamente com MNSRM (61,8 %), seguida dos MSRM (46,4 %) na qual, apenas 4,4 % dos inquiridos assumiram a utilização de antibióticos. Os resultados apontam também para a influência do subsistema de saúde na prática da automedicação. Alguns fatores sociodemográficos influenciaram os resultados relativos ao conhecimento, crenças e atitudes dos pais, tendo sido os indivíduos com maior nível de escolaridade e profissões qualificadas (p < 0,05) os que revelaram melhores atitudes e conhecimentos mais consistentes sobre a terapêutica antibiótica.
Apesar das limitações do nosso estudo, estes resultados demonstram a necessidade da promoção do uso racional de antibióticos e podem ser uteis ao contribuírem para o desenvolvimento de futuras intervenções e campanhas de informação junto dos pais, farmacêuticos e profissionais de pediatria na população do Algarve.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is currently one of the most important public health problems worldwide, posing worrying clinical and economic consequences that result from its inappropriate use. Respiratory tract pathologies contribute to the overuse of antibiotics since, despite their viral etiology, they are often prescribed in children. Parents' lack of knowledge on antibacterial therapy results in inappropriate behaviours and attitudes towards physicians, affect adherence to therapy and promote self-medication, which is harmful to the child and contributes to the therapeutic failure. In this regard, the development of this work aimed to analyse the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of parents whose children are under 12 years old, residing in the Algarve, regarding the prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of their children's respiratory infections. The data collection was obtained on the data received from an online survey sent out to institutions and shared on social networks. Highlighting the main results, it should be noted that the adherence to therapy proved to be quite positive, with values above 90%, in its three components, verifying that the precautions to be taken during administration were the most difficult recommendations to comply with. Self-medication was mostly practiced with PMNSMP (61,8 %), followed by PMSMP (46,4 %), in which only 4,4 % of respondents assumed the use of antibiotics. The results also point out to the influence of the health subsystem in the practice of self-medication. Some sociodemographic factors influenced the results related to the parents' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, showing that individuals with a higher level of education and qualified professions (p < 0,05) had better attitudes and a more consistent knowledge on antibiotic therapy. Despite the limitations of our study, the findings show the necessity to promote the rational use of antibiotics and they can be useful to further development of future interventions and information campaigns targeting parents, pharmacists and pediatric professionals in the population of the Algarve.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is currently one of the most important public health problems worldwide, posing worrying clinical and economic consequences that result from its inappropriate use. Respiratory tract pathologies contribute to the overuse of antibiotics since, despite their viral etiology, they are often prescribed in children. Parents' lack of knowledge on antibacterial therapy results in inappropriate behaviours and attitudes towards physicians, affect adherence to therapy and promote self-medication, which is harmful to the child and contributes to the therapeutic failure. In this regard, the development of this work aimed to analyse the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of parents whose children are under 12 years old, residing in the Algarve, regarding the prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of their children's respiratory infections. The data collection was obtained on the data received from an online survey sent out to institutions and shared on social networks. Highlighting the main results, it should be noted that the adherence to therapy proved to be quite positive, with values above 90%, in its three components, verifying that the precautions to be taken during administration were the most difficult recommendations to comply with. Self-medication was mostly practiced with PMNSMP (61,8 %), followed by PMSMP (46,4 %), in which only 4,4 % of respondents assumed the use of antibiotics. The results also point out to the influence of the health subsystem in the practice of self-medication. Some sociodemographic factors influenced the results related to the parents' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, showing that individuals with a higher level of education and qualified professions (p < 0,05) had better attitudes and a more consistent knowledge on antibiotic therapy. Despite the limitations of our study, the findings show the necessity to promote the rational use of antibiotics and they can be useful to further development of future interventions and information campaigns targeting parents, pharmacists and pediatric professionals in the population of the Algarve.
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Keywords
Consumo de antibióticos Pediatria Conhecimentos Crenças Atitudes Comportamentos Automedicação Adesão à terapêutica