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Espaços verdes e justiça ambiental na cidade de Castelo Branco
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Abstract(s)
Os espaços verdes são componentes essenciais para a qualidade de vida em ambiente urbano. Os espaços verdes públicos próximos e acessíveis têm-se convertido cada vez mais num privilégio do qual muitos cidadãos não conseguem usufruir, originado injustiça ambiental.
O objetivo principal do presente estudo consistiu em analisar se existe justiça ambiental na cidade de Castelo Branco no que aos espaços verdes diz respeito. Foram analisadas as disponibilidades e acessibilidades dos espaços verdes públicos existentes e futuros. Efetuaram-se análises de índices de espaço verde por habitante, na cidade e por bairro, realizaram-se mapas de acessibilidade, com o apoio do software QGIS 3.4.12. Procedeu-se também à realização de um inquérito à população urbana residente, a fim de avaliar a sua frequência e perceção relativamente aos espaços verdes públicos da cidade.
Os resultados revelaram que apesar do índice de espaços verdes por habitante da cidade ser elevado, este índice por bairro demonstra uma grande desproporcionalidade espacial dentro da cidade - alguns bairros apresentam índice nulo, enquanto outros, valores elevadíssimos de espaço verde per capita. Os resultados da acessibilidade revelam também que existe injustiça ambiental na cidade de Castelo Branco, já que mais de metade da população não tem, nem terá no futuro próximo, acesso pedonal a um espaço verde situado a uma distância igual ou inferior a 500 metros. A perceção dos habitantes é de que a cidade carece de espaços verdes públicos.
Apesar da quantidade considerável de novos espaços verdes propostos para Castelo Branco para 2030, a sua distribuição na cidade deverá ser reconsiderada de modo a possibilitar uma maior justiça ambiental futura, no que a espaços verdes diz respeito.
Green spaces are essential components of quality of life at urban environments. However, nearby and accessible public green spaces are becoming a privilege that many citizens can’t afford, causing environmental injustice. The main objective of this study is to analyse the environmental justice in the city of Castelo Branco regarding green spaces. The availability and accessibility of existing and future public green spaces were analysed. Green space indexes per inhabitant have been performed, in the city and by their neighbourhoods, and accessibility maps were made, using the QGIS 3.4.12 software. Surveys were carried out with the resident urban population, in order to assess their frequency and perception of public green spaces in the city. The results revealed that although the index of green spaces per inhabitant of the city is high, the same index per neighbourhood shows a great disproportionality between neighbourhoods - some neighbourhoods have a zero index, while others, have very high values of green space per capita. The results of accessibility, also reveal the exitence of environmental injustice in the city of Castelo Branco, since more than half of the population doesn’t have, nor will have in the near future, pedestrian access to a green space located at a distance of 500 meters or less. The questionnaires revealed that respondents consider that the city lacks public green spaces. Despite the considerable amount of new green spaces proposed for 2030, their distribution have to be reconsidered so that Castelo Branco will become a city with greater environmental justice, with regard to green spaces.
Green spaces are essential components of quality of life at urban environments. However, nearby and accessible public green spaces are becoming a privilege that many citizens can’t afford, causing environmental injustice. The main objective of this study is to analyse the environmental justice in the city of Castelo Branco regarding green spaces. The availability and accessibility of existing and future public green spaces were analysed. Green space indexes per inhabitant have been performed, in the city and by their neighbourhoods, and accessibility maps were made, using the QGIS 3.4.12 software. Surveys were carried out with the resident urban population, in order to assess their frequency and perception of public green spaces in the city. The results revealed that although the index of green spaces per inhabitant of the city is high, the same index per neighbourhood shows a great disproportionality between neighbourhoods - some neighbourhoods have a zero index, while others, have very high values of green space per capita. The results of accessibility, also reveal the exitence of environmental injustice in the city of Castelo Branco, since more than half of the population doesn’t have, nor will have in the near future, pedestrian access to a green space located at a distance of 500 meters or less. The questionnaires revealed that respondents consider that the city lacks public green spaces. Despite the considerable amount of new green spaces proposed for 2030, their distribution have to be reconsidered so that Castelo Branco will become a city with greater environmental justice, with regard to green spaces.
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Keywords
Espaços verdes públicos Justiça ambiental Disponibilidade Acessibilidade Castelo Branco