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Urban coastal areas are highly vulnerable to climate change due to their proximity to the sea and dense infrastructure, making resilience-building essential as threats such as sea-level rise, pollution, and intensified storms worsen. Environmental and climate planning are crucial for adapting these regions to potential climate-related disasters. The research presented in this issue provides practical evaluations of planning and monitoring in coastal regions, offering valuable insights for enhancing local management. Environmental planning combines data from the natural environment with socio-economic information to preserve the integrity of both natural and human-made elements. In this issue, the work of Bonilha et al. (2024) presents a geoenvironmental zoning of the municipality of Rio Grande, which establishes guidelines for sustainable land use by balancing the physical characteristics of the environment with socio-economic needs. This zoning not only provides historical, environmental, and legislative knowledge, but also evaluates the land’s usability in light of changes in landscape structure and function (Bonilha et al., 2024). An essential part of climate planning is monitoring how coastal environments change over time, which informs the development of climate-resilient strategies. In this issue, Neto et al. (2024) conducted a seasonal monitoring study of physical and chemical water variables in the estuary of the Goiana and Megaó rivers, a protected area for artisanal fisheries. The authors identified seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, and transparency between the dry and rainy seasons, revealing that the estuary is experiencing hypoxia, which threatens local biodiversity. The area’s status as a conservation unit for artisanal fishing is particularly important due to the economic reliance of local communities on biodiversity (Neto et al., 2024). Also, building on insights gained from monitoring data, the study by Coelho et al. (2024) provides a comprehensive understanding of how changes in tide nodal modulation affect tidal constituents and regimes worldwide. These results are crucial for precisely quantifying the impacts of climate change on tidal patterns (Coelho et al., 2024).
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Associação Portuguesa dos Recursos Hídricos (APRH)