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Contribuição para o conhecimento do parasitismo em raposas (Vulpes vulpes) no Alentejo
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Este trabalho consistiu no levantamento parasitário de 33 cadáveres de raposas provenientes da atividade cinegética, em herdades no Alentejo. Cada raposa foi submetida a necrópsia parasitológica, método de sedimentação natural, técnicas coprológicas, técnica de Baermann, técnica de coloração de esfregaços com Giemsa, técnica de coloração de cestodes carmim alcoólico clorídrico, método de digestão muscular com pepsina, técnica de homogeneização muscular e técnicas moleculares. Revelou-se que a fauna parasitária das raposas desta região é constituída por 5 géneros de ectoparasitas (Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Felicola (suricatoecus) vulpis, Ctenocephalides felis e Pulex irritans), uma espécie de trematode (Alaria alata), 3 espécies de cestodes (Taenia spp., Mesocestoides lineatus e Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides), 3 géneros de protozoários (Eimeria spp., Isospora spp. e Sarcocystis spp.), 8 espécies de nematodes (Angiostrongylus vasorum, Toxocara spp., Capillaria aerophila, Capillaria plica, Crenosoma vulpis, Rictularia affinis, Toxocara canis e Uncinaria stenocephala) e uma espécie de bactéria transmitida por vetores (Coxiella burnetii). Todos os indivíduos apresentavam 2 a 8 parasitas distintos, sendo os mais prevalentes, Uncinaria stenocephala (96,96%), Otodectes cynotis (75,75%), Alaria alata (54,54%) e Capillaria aerophila (51,51%). Contrariamente aos endoparasitas e O. cynotis, os demais ectoparasitas foram analisados somente nas 8 raposas que não tiveram a pele retirada pelos caçadores, das quais 6 tinham algum tipo de ectoparasita. Destes, os mais abundantes foram, Pulex irritans (5/8) e Rhipicephalus spp. (5/8). Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis, foi neste estudo, pela primeira vez observado em uma raposa (1/8) em Portugal, assim como a bactéria Coxiella burnetii (2/33 – 6,06%). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que raposas no Alentejo albergam uma fauna parasitaria diversa de agentes patogénicos de interesse para a abordagem One Health. Isto, indica a necessidade de melhor compreensão do papel deste animal na disseminação de infeções ao homem e animais domésticos, visando a implementação de estratégias de vigilância para mitigar possíveis impactos.
This study consisted of a parasitic survey of 33 fox carcasses obtained through hunting activities on farms in Alentejo. Each fox underwent parasitological necropsy, natural sedimentation method, coprological techniques, Baermann technique, Giemsa smear staining technique, hydrochloric alcoholic carmine cestode staining technique, pepsin muscle digestion method, muscle homogenization technique and molecular techniques. It was revealed that the parasitic fauna of foxes in this region consists of 5 genera of ectoparasites (Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Felicola (suricatecus) vulpis, Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex irritans), one species of trematode (Alaria alata), 3 species of cestodes (Taenia spp., Mesocestoides lineatus and Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides), 3 genera of protozoa (Eimeria spp., Isospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp.), 8 species of nematodes (Angiostrongylus vasorum, Toxocara spp., Capillaria aerophila, Capillaria plica, Crenosoma vulpis, Rictularia affinis, Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala) and one species of vector-borne bacteria (Coxiella burnetii). All individuals had 2 to 8 distinct parasites, the most prevalent being Uncinaria stenocephala (96.96%), Otodectes cynotis (75.75%), Alaria alata (54.54%) and Capillaria aerophila (51.51%). Unlike endoparasites and O. cynotis, the other ectoparasites were analyzed only in the 8 foxes that did not have their skin removed by hunters, of which 6 had some type of ectoparasite. Of these, the most abundant were Pulex irritans (5/8) and Rhipicephalus spp. (5/8). Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis was observed in this study for the first time in a fox (1/8) in Portugal, as well as the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (2/33 - 6.06%). The results obtained showed that foxes in Alentejo harbor a diverse parasitic fauna of pathogens of interest for the One Health approach. This indicates the need for a better understanding of the role of this animal in the dissemination of infections to humans and domestic animals, aiming at the implementation of surveillance strategies to mitigate possible impacts.
This study consisted of a parasitic survey of 33 fox carcasses obtained through hunting activities on farms in Alentejo. Each fox underwent parasitological necropsy, natural sedimentation method, coprological techniques, Baermann technique, Giemsa smear staining technique, hydrochloric alcoholic carmine cestode staining technique, pepsin muscle digestion method, muscle homogenization technique and molecular techniques. It was revealed that the parasitic fauna of foxes in this region consists of 5 genera of ectoparasites (Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Felicola (suricatecus) vulpis, Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex irritans), one species of trematode (Alaria alata), 3 species of cestodes (Taenia spp., Mesocestoides lineatus and Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides), 3 genera of protozoa (Eimeria spp., Isospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp.), 8 species of nematodes (Angiostrongylus vasorum, Toxocara spp., Capillaria aerophila, Capillaria plica, Crenosoma vulpis, Rictularia affinis, Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala) and one species of vector-borne bacteria (Coxiella burnetii). All individuals had 2 to 8 distinct parasites, the most prevalent being Uncinaria stenocephala (96.96%), Otodectes cynotis (75.75%), Alaria alata (54.54%) and Capillaria aerophila (51.51%). Unlike endoparasites and O. cynotis, the other ectoparasites were analyzed only in the 8 foxes that did not have their skin removed by hunters, of which 6 had some type of ectoparasite. Of these, the most abundant were Pulex irritans (5/8) and Rhipicephalus spp. (5/8). Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis was observed in this study for the first time in a fox (1/8) in Portugal, as well as the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (2/33 - 6.06%). The results obtained showed that foxes in Alentejo harbor a diverse parasitic fauna of pathogens of interest for the One Health approach. This indicates the need for a better understanding of the role of this animal in the dissemination of infections to humans and domestic animals, aiming at the implementation of surveillance strategies to mitigate possible impacts.
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Agentes patogénicos transmitidos por vetores Ectoparasitas Endoparasitas One health