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Redes organometálicas (MOFs): estratégias de síntese e potencial aplicabilidade em inovações terapêuticas
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Abstract(s)
A descoberta e desenvolvimento de novos compostos e materiais têm sido, desde sempre, motores do progresso científico e tecnológico. Em particular, os campos dos materiais porosos têm-se revelado promissores nas mais diversas aplicações, como a catálise química, separação e purificação de compostos, armazenamento de gases e reconhecimento molecular.
Na segunda metade dos anos 90, surgiram entre esses materiais porosos as primeiras redes organometálicas (MOFs). Estes compostos, de acordo com a definição da IUPAC, são compostos baseados na química de coordenação e na química inorgânica, sendo designados como redes de coordenação interligados por ligandos orgânicos, que de forma geral apresentam elevada porosidade e área de superfície e são geralmente de natureza cristalina.
Para além disto são estruturas imensamente variáveis na sua composição, possuindo as mais diversas topologias cristalinas que variam consoante o metal e os diversos ligandos escolhidos, bem como serem passíveis de modificar através de várias estratégias, quer durante a síntese, quer através de modificações pós-síntese.
A variedade de composições, a elevada porosidade e área superficial bem como a possibilidade de funcionalização, torna os MOFs numa poderosa inovação terapêutica, já com diversos conceitos de prova nas mais diversas áreas desde sistemas de transporte de fármacos, biossensores, catalisadores biomiméticos, agentes imagiológicos e até incorporação em biomateriais.
Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho centra-se na análise bibliográfica das características das redes organometálicas, das estratégias de síntese e modificação e em particular na relação destas características com potenciais aplicações médicas, seja em imagiologia, seja em terapêutica.
The discovery and development of new compounds and materials have always been drivers of scientific and technological progress. In particular, the field of porous materials has proven to be promising in various applications, such as chemical catalysis, compound separation a nd purification, gas storage, and molecular recognition. In the second half of the 1990s, the first metal organic frameworks (MOFs) emerged among these porous materials. According to the IUPAC definition, these compounds are based on coordination chemistry and inorganic chemistry, and they are designated as coordination networks interconnected by organic ligands. Generally, they exhibit high porosity and surface area and are of a crystalline nature. Furthermore, they have immensely variable compositions, po ssessing diverse crystal topologies that vary depending on the chosen metal and ligands. They are also modifiable through various strategies, both during synthesis and through post synthesis modifications. The variety of compositions, high porosity, large surface area, and the possibility of functionalization make MOFs a powerful therapeutic innovation, with various proof of concept concepts in a wide range of areas, including drug delivery systems, biosensors, biomimetic catalysts, imaging agents, and even incorporation into biomaterials. In this context, the present work focuses on the bibliographic analysis of the characteristics of metal organic frameworks, synthesis and modification strategies, and particularly their relationship with potential medical applications, whether in imaging or therapy.
The discovery and development of new compounds and materials have always been drivers of scientific and technological progress. In particular, the field of porous materials has proven to be promising in various applications, such as chemical catalysis, compound separation a nd purification, gas storage, and molecular recognition. In the second half of the 1990s, the first metal organic frameworks (MOFs) emerged among these porous materials. According to the IUPAC definition, these compounds are based on coordination chemistry and inorganic chemistry, and they are designated as coordination networks interconnected by organic ligands. Generally, they exhibit high porosity and surface area and are of a crystalline nature. Furthermore, they have immensely variable compositions, po ssessing diverse crystal topologies that vary depending on the chosen metal and ligands. They are also modifiable through various strategies, both during synthesis and through post synthesis modifications. The variety of compositions, high porosity, large surface area, and the possibility of functionalization make MOFs a powerful therapeutic innovation, with various proof of concept concepts in a wide range of areas, including drug delivery systems, biosensors, biomimetic catalysts, imaging agents, and even incorporation into biomaterials. In this context, the present work focuses on the bibliographic analysis of the characteristics of metal organic frameworks, synthesis and modification strategies, and particularly their relationship with potential medical applications, whether in imaging or therapy.
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Keywords
Mof Metal-organic frameworks Redes organometálicas Síntese Inovação terapêutica Química reticular Biomedicina