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Probióticos: aplicações, riscos e perspetivas futuras
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A microbiota intestinal é constituída pelos microrganismos que colonizam o intestino humano, sendo o microbioma o conjunto dos genes que os compõem. A microbiota desenvolve-se desde o nascimento, atingindo a maturidade aos três anos de idade, desempenhando uma influência significativa sobre a saúde do hospedeiro ao longo de toda a sua vida. A sua ação benéfica no organismo humano gera uma condição de homeostase, que sofre influência de vários fatores como as condições ambientais, características genéticas e imunológicas do hospedeiro e administração de antibióticos. As consequentes disfunções causadas na microbiota, designadas por disbiose, provocam efeitos prejudiciais para a saúde do hospedeiro. Os probióticos, microrganismos viáveis que, quando administrados nas quantidades adequadas, provocam um efeito benéfico na saúde do hospedeiro, evidenciam ter capacidade para prevenir e até mesmo reverter a situação de disbiose. As bactérias que têm sido mais estudadas e utilizadas como probióticos pertencem aos géneros Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium, também sendo utilizada a levedura do género Saccharomyces. A eficácia dos probióticos foi estabelecida para a prevenção e tratamento de algumas patologias, contudo, a maioria dos resultados de investigação são ainda limitados ou inconsistentes para a recomendação do seu uso terapêutico na medicina. O estudo da microbiota intestinal está em constante desenvolvimento, surgindo novos potenciais organismos benéficos para a saúde do hospedeiro.
The intestinal microbiota is the set of all microorganisms that colonize the human intestine, the microbiome being the set of genes that compose them. The microbiota develops from birth, reaching maturity at three years old, playing a significant influence on the host's health throughout its lifetime. Its beneficial action in the human body generates a condition of homeostasis, which is influenced by several fators such as environmental conditions, genetic and immunological characteristics of the host and administration of antibiotics. The resulting dysfunctions caused in the microbiota, called dysbiosis, have harmful effects on the health of the host. Probiotics, live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, have a beneficial effect on the health of the host, show their ability to prevent and even reverse the dysbiosis. The bacteria that have been most studied and used as probiotics belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, and the yeast of the genus Saccharomyces is also used. The effectiveness of probiotics has been established for the prevention and treatment of some pathologies, however, most research results are still limited or inconsistent for recommending their therapeutic use. The study of the intestinal microbiota is under constant development, with the emergence of new potential beneficial organisms for the health of the host.
The intestinal microbiota is the set of all microorganisms that colonize the human intestine, the microbiome being the set of genes that compose them. The microbiota develops from birth, reaching maturity at three years old, playing a significant influence on the host's health throughout its lifetime. Its beneficial action in the human body generates a condition of homeostasis, which is influenced by several fators such as environmental conditions, genetic and immunological characteristics of the host and administration of antibiotics. The resulting dysfunctions caused in the microbiota, called dysbiosis, have harmful effects on the health of the host. Probiotics, live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, have a beneficial effect on the health of the host, show their ability to prevent and even reverse the dysbiosis. The bacteria that have been most studied and used as probiotics belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, and the yeast of the genus Saccharomyces is also used. The effectiveness of probiotics has been established for the prevention and treatment of some pathologies, however, most research results are still limited or inconsistent for recommending their therapeutic use. The study of the intestinal microbiota is under constant development, with the emergence of new potential beneficial organisms for the health of the host.
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Keywords
Microbiota intestinal Disbiose Probióticos Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium