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Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em refugiados e solicitantes de asilo na Espanha: o papel moderador da auto-compaixão e a preocupação como traço transdiagnóstico
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A saúde mental dos imigrantes tem despertado a atenção da comunidade científica devido a prevalência de perturbações a nível mental nesta população. O estudo em questão foca nos impactos da preocupação e da auto-compaixão em relação a ansiedade, depressão e estresse em solicitantes de asilo e refugiados, na Espanha. Investigou-se também a interação dos acontecimentos negativos de vida (AVN). A amostra foi composta por 25 indivíduos, refugiados ou solicitantes de asilo, de ambos os sexos (48% masculino e 52% feminino), com idades compreendidas entre 24 e 60 anos (M=37,80; DP=10,09). Estes responderam a um questionário Sociodemográfico, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Spanish State Scale Self-Compassion Long Version e a Escala de Apreciación del Estrés General. Com relação a prevalência da sintomatologia, foi encontrado que 72% apresentam algum grau de ansiedade, 100% algum nível de depressão e 48% algum indicativo de estresse (distribuídos em leve, moderado, severo ou extremamente severo). Dentro das análises realizadas, a variável da preocupação, correlacionou positivamente com as três variáveis dependentes (VD), ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Resultados esperados, tendo em conta a hipótese de a preocupação ser um traço transdiagnóstico preditor destas sintomatologias. No que concerne a auto-compaixão, esta impactou apenas a depressão, revelando que quanto maior o nível de auto-compaixão menor o nível de sintomatologia depressiva, para as demais variáveis dependentes a hipótese não foi confirmada. Testou-se a auto-compaixão como moderadora da preocupação, derivando a resultados com significância estatística, mas não sendo suficiente para confirmar a hipótese, devido ao tamanho amostral. A AVN não correlacionou com nenhuma das variáveis dependentes. Este estudo contribui para uma maior compreensão dos desafios psicológicos enfrentados por imigrantes e refugiados, sugerindo que abordagens focadas em reduzir a preocupação e promover a auto-compaixão podem ser promissoras para esta população. Os resultados observados são corroborados com base na literatura atual.
The mental health of immigrants has garnered attention from the scientific community due to the prevalence of mental disturbances within this population. This study focuses on the impact of worry and self-compassion on anxiety, depression, and stress in asylum seekers and refugees in Spain. The interaction of negative life events (NLE) was also investigated. The sample consisted of 25 individuals, either refugees or asylum seekers, of both sexes (48% male and 52% female), aged between 24 and 60 years (M=37.80; SD=10.09). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Spanish State Self-Compassion Long Version Scale, and the General Stress Perception Scale. Regarding the prevalence of symptoms, it was found that 72% exhibited some level of anxiety, 100% showed some level of depression, and 48% showed signs of stress (distributed across mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe levels). In the analyses, the worry variable was positively correlated with the three dependent variables (DV): anxiety, depression, and stress. These results were expected, considering the hypothesis that worry is a transdiagnostic predictor of these symptoms. In relation to self-compassion, it only impacted depression, revealing that the higher the level of self-compassion, the lower the depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was not confirmed for the other dependent variables. Self-compassion was tested as a moderator of worry, yielding statistically significant results, but not sufficient to confirm the hypothesis due to the sample size. NLE did not correlate with any of the dependent variables. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological challenges faced by immigrants and refugees, suggesting that approaches focused on reducing worry and promoting self-compassion may be promising for this population. The observed results are supported by the current literature.
The mental health of immigrants has garnered attention from the scientific community due to the prevalence of mental disturbances within this population. This study focuses on the impact of worry and self-compassion on anxiety, depression, and stress in asylum seekers and refugees in Spain. The interaction of negative life events (NLE) was also investigated. The sample consisted of 25 individuals, either refugees or asylum seekers, of both sexes (48% male and 52% female), aged between 24 and 60 years (M=37.80; SD=10.09). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Spanish State Self-Compassion Long Version Scale, and the General Stress Perception Scale. Regarding the prevalence of symptoms, it was found that 72% exhibited some level of anxiety, 100% showed some level of depression, and 48% showed signs of stress (distributed across mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe levels). In the analyses, the worry variable was positively correlated with the three dependent variables (DV): anxiety, depression, and stress. These results were expected, considering the hypothesis that worry is a transdiagnostic predictor of these symptoms. In relation to self-compassion, it only impacted depression, revealing that the higher the level of self-compassion, the lower the depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was not confirmed for the other dependent variables. Self-compassion was tested as a moderator of worry, yielding statistically significant results, but not sufficient to confirm the hypothesis due to the sample size. NLE did not correlate with any of the dependent variables. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological challenges faced by immigrants and refugees, suggesting that approaches focused on reducing worry and promoting self-compassion may be promising for this population. The observed results are supported by the current literature.
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Imigração Ansiedade Depressão Estresse Preocupação Auto-compaixão Acontecimentos negativos de vida