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First report of curvularia trifolii causing curvularia blight in agrostis stolonifera in South of Portugal

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCoelho, Luísa
dc.contributor.authorBorrero, C.
dc.contributor.authorBueno-Pallero, Francisco Angel
dc.contributor.authorGuerrero, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Filomena
dc.contributor.authorReis, Mário
dc.contributor.authorAvilés, M.
dc.contributor.authorDionísio, Lídia
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-14T14:03:13Z
dc.date.available2020-09-14T14:03:13Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractAlgarve region (Portugal) has nearly 40 golf courses with a significant economic impact. Summer surveys on 10 golf courses detected an unknown disease on one course in 2009 and on another course in 2012 and 2013 at 29 to 30°C daily average. The second course had symptoms on about 25% of the turf of two putting greens. Diseased bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) had a green dappled pattern with irregular patches of turfgrass on yellowed leaves. Prior to decaying, affected leaves turned brown and then gray. Crown and leaf sheath infections resulted in dark brown dry rot. No lesions were observed on the roots. Leaves were surface disinfected with 5% commercial bleach (0.225% sodium hypochlorite) and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Ten fungal colonies grew from the leaf tissue, and brown mycelia, conidiophores, and conidia were observed under a microscope. Conidia were ventricose pyriform, mostly abruptly curved, 20 to 36 µm (30 µm, SD = 4) × 7 to 12 µm (10.5 µm, SD = 1.3) (n = 50), predominantly three-septate, with a prominent hilum and enlarged and darkened central cells. Colonies grown on PDA were black-brown with a black reverse side. Conidia differed in size, 15.4 to 24.6 µm (19.99 µm, SD = 3.00) × 6 to 11 μm (8.68 µm, SD = 1.54) (n = 50) and morphology (cylindrical or slightly curved). These characteristics were consistent with Curvularia trifolii (Kauffm.) Boedijn. (Ellis 1971; Falloon 1976; Khadka 2016). Species identification of the representative isolate A2 1.12 was confirmed by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and GPDH gene region with primer set gpd (Koike et al. 2013). BLAST searches of GenBank showed a high similarity of the isolate ITS sequence (MG029439) to the reference sequence JN712458 of C. trifolii (99% identity) and GPDH sequence (MK570108) with LT715803.1 (97.88% identity). The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that our isolate clustered with C. trifolii. The pathogenicity assay of this isolate was conducted in greenhouse on A. stolonifera ‘Penncross’. The isolate was grown on PDA (25°C, 10 days). Five pots (100 ml) were filled with a sand and peat mix (9:1 v/v) with 0.06 g of seeds per pot, covered with a fine sand layer. Turfgrass was cut once a week beginning 2 weeks after seeding and was fertigated with 0.5 g/liter of Peter’s foliar feed (27 + 15 + 12; N + P2O5 + K2O; and micronutrients; Scotts, Heerlen, The Netherlands). To obtain a conidial suspension for inoculation, cultured plates were scraped with a sterilized spreader and water. The suspension was filtered through a sterile gauze. Conidia were counted under a microscope (400×) with a hemocytometer. The suspension was adjusted to 8 × 103 conidia/ml, and 10 ml was sprayed per pot. Pots maintained humidity for 2 days under microtunnels. The first disease symptoms appeared 3 days after inoculation. Bentgrass from the five pots developed Curvularia blight and rotted crown symptoms. Control plants (five pots treated with water) did not display symptoms. This trial was repeated once. On PDA, C. trifolii was reisolated from leaf lesions and morphologically identified, confirming Koch’s postulates. Ellis (1971) referred to the presence of C. trifolii in Portugal, but no region, symptom description, or grass species was detailed. Sivanesan (1987) reported C. trifolii in Portugal only on Lolium multiflorum. Therefore, this is the first report of C. trifolii in Algarve, affecting A. stolonifera. This disease can increase maintenance costs in greens in this area.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0517-PDNpt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0191-2917
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14717
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherAmerican Phytopathological Societypt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectFungipt_PT
dc.subjectTurfgrasspt_PT
dc.subjectPathogen detectionpt_PT
dc.titleFirst report of curvularia trifolii causing curvularia blight in agrostis stolonifera in South of Portugalpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage292pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage292pt_PT
oaire.citation.titlePlant Diseasept_PT
oaire.citation.volume104pt_PT
person.familyNameGuerreiro David Coelho
person.familyNameGuerrero
person.familyNameFonseca
person.familyNameReis
person.familyNameDionísio
person.givenNameLuísa Isabel
person.givenNameCarlos
person.givenNameFilomena
person.givenNameMário
person.givenNameLídia
person.identifier.ciencia-id3410-D2D3-AB40
person.identifier.ciencia-id821B-7ADF-B6DC
person.identifier.ciencia-idD31F-ACBA-41E7
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5236-4605
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9907-8235
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3824-0459
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3349-3003
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0530-9395
person.identifier.ridD-3485-2016
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24767767200
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7004434992
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55769965400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6506947768
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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