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Farmacoterapia da Síndrome do Ovário Poliquístico
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Abstract(s)
A Síndrome do Ovário Poliquístico é uma doença endócrina que conta com uma elevada prevalência a nível mundial, fazendo dela a mais comum em mulheres de idade fértil e uma das principais causas de infertilidade feminina. Assim, o objetivo desta Dissertação prende-se com o esclarecimento de algumas noções sobre esta síndrome e do modo como pode afetar as mulheres, bem como com a descrição de um algoritmo terapêutico que sistematize as opções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas passíveis de serem adotadas aquando de um diagnóstico. Para isso, a metodologia passou pela realização de uma revisão bibliográfica, principalmente de artigos científicos, livros técnicos e normas orientadoras internacionais sobre esta temática. Até à atualidade, o mecanismo fisiopatológico da Síndrome do Ovário Poliquístico ainda não se encontra esclarecido na totalidade, revelando, no entanto, ser responsável por inúmeros sintomas e manifestações clínicas que, por esta ser uma síndrome heterogénea, variam de mulher para mulher. O algoritmo terapêutico desta síndrome considera, numa primeira instância, intervenções ao nível da melhoria dos estilos de vida das mulheres, particularmente com a perda de peso, seguida de uma terapêutica farmacológica. Todavia, até à atualidade, e pela ausência de fármacos aprovados com esta indicação terapêutica, estes são utilizados de modo off-label e com adaptações individuais. Assim, esta farmacoterapia divide-se em dois grandes grupos, consoante a intenção (ou não) de engravidar por parte da mulher, podendo incluir fármacos indutores da ovulação ou fármacos orientados unicamente ao alívio e mitigação da sintomatologia. Ainda assim, a Síndrome do Ovário Poliquístico é uma condição complexa e crónica, cuja abordagem terapêutica pretenderá, principalmente, atuar ao nível do aumento da qualidade de vida da mulher.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is an endocrine disease that has a high prevalence worldwide, making it the most common in women of childbearing age and one of the main causes of female infertility. Thus, the aim of this Dissertation was to clarify some notions about this syndrome and how it can affect women, as well as to describe a therapeutic algorithm that systematizes the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options that can be adopted when a diagnosis is obtained. To achieve this, the methodology included carrying out a bibliographic review, mainly of scientific articles, technical books, and international guidelines on this topic. To date, the pathophysiological mechanisms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have not yet been fully clarified, being, however, responsible for numerous symptoms and clinical manifestations which, as it is a heterogeneous syndrome, vary from woman to woman. The therapeutic algorithm for this syndrome considers, in the first instance, interventions to improve women's lifestyles, particularly with weight loss, followed by pharmacological therapy. However, to date, and due to the lack of approved drugs with this therapeutic indication, these will be used off-label and with individual adaptations. Therefore, this pharmacotherapy is divided into two large groups, depending on the woman's intention (or not) to become pregnant, and may include ovulation-inducing drugs or drugs aimed solely at relieving and mitigating the symptoms. Even so, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a complex and chronic condition, whose therapeutic approach will mainly aim to increase the woman's quality of life.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is an endocrine disease that has a high prevalence worldwide, making it the most common in women of childbearing age and one of the main causes of female infertility. Thus, the aim of this Dissertation was to clarify some notions about this syndrome and how it can affect women, as well as to describe a therapeutic algorithm that systematizes the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options that can be adopted when a diagnosis is obtained. To achieve this, the methodology included carrying out a bibliographic review, mainly of scientific articles, technical books, and international guidelines on this topic. To date, the pathophysiological mechanisms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have not yet been fully clarified, being, however, responsible for numerous symptoms and clinical manifestations which, as it is a heterogeneous syndrome, vary from woman to woman. The therapeutic algorithm for this syndrome considers, in the first instance, interventions to improve women's lifestyles, particularly with weight loss, followed by pharmacological therapy. However, to date, and due to the lack of approved drugs with this therapeutic indication, these will be used off-label and with individual adaptations. Therefore, this pharmacotherapy is divided into two large groups, depending on the woman's intention (or not) to become pregnant, and may include ovulation-inducing drugs or drugs aimed solely at relieving and mitigating the symptoms. Even so, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a complex and chronic condition, whose therapeutic approach will mainly aim to increase the woman's quality of life.
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Keywords
Síndrome do Ovário Poliquístico Fisiopatologia Infertilidade Farmacoterapia Medidas não farmacológicas