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Green extraction technique using natural deep eutectic Solvents (NADES) and supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) to recover bioactive compounds from medicinal halophyte Polygonum Maritimum L.
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A extração sustentável de compostos bioativos de alto valor a partir de recursos naturais continua sendo um desafio crítico na química verde. Este estudo avalia a eficácia dos Solventes Eutéticos Profundos Naturais (NADES) e dos Solventes Supramoleculares (SUPRAS) como alternativas inovadoras e sustentáveis aos solventes convencionais para a extração de compostos fenólicos e alcaloides de Polygonum maritimum, uma planta com potencial bioativo pouco explorado. Quatro sistemas NADES e dois SUPRAS, incluindo suas formas em equilíbrio e híbridas, foram avaliados utilizando extração assistida por ultrassom (UAE) e comparados com etanol e água como solventes de referência. Entre os solventes testados, a mistura Cloreto de colina: ácido lático (CC:LA) apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante no ensaio DPPH, com um valor de IC₅₀ de 0,0281 ± 0,014 mg/mL, superando significativamente o Cloreto de colina: ácido málico (CC:MA). Esses resultados foram corroborados pelas medições do teor total de flavonoides (TFC) e pela análise por LC-MS, confirmando a presença de diversos compostos fenólicos. Embora o etanol tenha extraído a maior quantidade total de bioativos, os NADES e SUPRAS demonstraram enriquecimento seletivo e recuperação de compostos fenólicos específicos e alcaloides. Este estudo ressalta a integração promissora dos NADES e SUPRAS com UAE como uma abordagem ecoeficiente e escalável para a extração de produtos naturais valiosos de plantas marinhas.
The sustainable extraction of high-value bioactive compounds from natural resources remains a critical challenge in green chemistry. This study evaluates the efficacy of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) and Supramolecular Solvents (SUPRAS) as innovative, environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting phenolic compounds and alkaloids from Polygonum maritimum, a plant with largely underexplored bioactive potential. Four NADES and two SUPRAS systems including their equilibrium and hybrid forms were assessed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and compared against ethanol and water as benchmark solvents. Among the tested solvents, Choline chloride: lactic acid (CC:LA) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.0281 ± 0.014 mg/mL, significantly outperforming Choline chloride:malic acid (CC:MA). In the DPPH assay, although the equilibrium mixture (5:9.5:85.5%) showed greater radical scavenging activity compared to ethanol, this difference was not statistically significant. These findings were further supported by total flavonoid content (TFC) measurements and LC-MS analysis, confirming the presence of diverse phenolic compounds. While ethanol extracted the highest total quantity of bioactives, NADES and SUPRAS demonstrated selective enrichment and enhanced recovery of specific phenolic compounds and alkaloids. This study underscores the promising integration of NADES and SUPRAS with UAE as an eco-efficient and scalable approach for the extraction of valuable natural products from marine plants.
The sustainable extraction of high-value bioactive compounds from natural resources remains a critical challenge in green chemistry. This study evaluates the efficacy of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) and Supramolecular Solvents (SUPRAS) as innovative, environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting phenolic compounds and alkaloids from Polygonum maritimum, a plant with largely underexplored bioactive potential. Four NADES and two SUPRAS systems including their equilibrium and hybrid forms were assessed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and compared against ethanol and water as benchmark solvents. Among the tested solvents, Choline chloride: lactic acid (CC:LA) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.0281 ± 0.014 mg/mL, significantly outperforming Choline chloride:malic acid (CC:MA). In the DPPH assay, although the equilibrium mixture (5:9.5:85.5%) showed greater radical scavenging activity compared to ethanol, this difference was not statistically significant. These findings were further supported by total flavonoid content (TFC) measurements and LC-MS analysis, confirming the presence of diverse phenolic compounds. While ethanol extracted the highest total quantity of bioactives, NADES and SUPRAS demonstrated selective enrichment and enhanced recovery of specific phenolic compounds and alkaloids. This study underscores the promising integration of NADES and SUPRAS with UAE as an eco-efficient and scalable approach for the extraction of valuable natural products from marine plants.
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Nades Supras Polyphenol Antioxidante