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A abordagem terapêutica na Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo
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Abstract(s)
A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) é uma perturbação complexa do neurodesenvolvimento, que se caracteriza por défices na comunicação e na interação social e por comportamentos restritivos e repetitivos, que afetam de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. De igual modo, é comum a presença de comorbilidades, sendo as mais frequentes, a Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção, Ansiedade, Perturbação Obsessiva-compulsiva, Depressão, Alterações Comportamentais, Labilidade Emocional e Alterações do Sono.
Até à data, a sua etiologia exata permanece desconhecida, sendo, no entanto, sugerido que esta perturbação seja resultado de uma interação complexa entre diversos fatores, principalmente, fatores genéticos e ambientais.
Durante as últimas décadas, a literatura tem vindo a apontar para uma mudança alarmante no padrão epidemiológico da PEA, sendo observado globalmente um aumento da sua prevalência desde o século XXI.
Posto isto, e dado que atualmente não existe cura para a PEA, o tratamento centra-se no controlo das manifestações clínicas, através de terapia que envolvam componentes terapêuticas e educativas, que assentem no treino de autonomia e de socialização, e no tratamento das comorbilidades mediante o uso de estimulantes do sistema nervoso central, antipsicóticos atípicos, antiepiléticos, antidepressivos e agonistas do recetor da melatonina.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and in social interaction, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors that significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. Likewise, the presence of comorbidities is common, the most frequent being Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Depression, Behavioral Changes, Emotional Lability and Sleep Changes. To date, its exact etiology remains unknown, although it has been suggested that this disorder is the result of a complex interaction between various factors, mainly genetic and environmental. Over the last few decades, the literature has pointed to an alarming change in the epidemiological pattern of ASD, with an increase in its prevalence being observed globally since the 21st century. Therefore, and given that there is currently no cure for ASD, treatment focuses on controlling clinical manifestations through therapy involving therapeutic and educational components based on autonomy and socialization training, and treating comorbidities through the use of central nervous system stimulants, atypical antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antidepressants and melatonin receptor agonists.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and in social interaction, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors that significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. Likewise, the presence of comorbidities is common, the most frequent being Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Depression, Behavioral Changes, Emotional Lability and Sleep Changes. To date, its exact etiology remains unknown, although it has been suggested that this disorder is the result of a complex interaction between various factors, mainly genetic and environmental. Over the last few decades, the literature has pointed to an alarming change in the epidemiological pattern of ASD, with an increase in its prevalence being observed globally since the 21st century. Therefore, and given that there is currently no cure for ASD, treatment focuses on controlling clinical manifestations through therapy involving therapeutic and educational components based on autonomy and socialization training, and treating comorbidities through the use of central nervous system stimulants, atypical antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antidepressants and melatonin receptor agonists.
Description
Keywords
Doença do neurodesenvolvimento Perturbação do espetro do autismo Comorbilidade Tratamento