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Exploração dos animais no período medieval (sécs. XII-XIII): estudo zooarqueológico do sítio do Poço Antigo (Cacela-a-Velha, VRSA)
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das dinâmicas socioculturais das comunidades islâmico-medievais no Gharb al-Andalus, através da análise do conjunto faunístico do sítio arqueológico Poço Antigo (Cacela a Velha). A intervenção arqueológica de 2001 permitiu identificar uma área de expansão populacional em direção da vertente nascente da Alcáçova de Cacela e o surgimento de um novo bairro portuário, datado da época islâmico-medieval através dos materiais cerâmicos exumados e datações de radiocarbono. Os estudos zooarqueológicos realizados até ao momento para o sítio do Poço Antigo são reduzidos, o que realça a importância deste trabalho.
A coleção faunística aqui analisada permitirá compreender a relação das comunidades humanas do Sotavento Algarvio com os animais e as suas estratégias alimentares no período de transição islâmico-cristã (entre o século XII e XIII). Os restos faunísticos de lixeiras habitacionais são essenciais para compreender a dieta alimentar. Sendo de salientar a manipulação antrópica (desde a fonte de alimento até aos produtos secundários como leite, peles, ossos, tendões e outros), o melhoramento e a introdução de raças. Um outro objetivo é o de compreender as alterações tafonómicas observadas que são provocadas por causas naturais ou por agentes biológicos. A análise destes materiais irá seguir as metodologias do estudo da zooarqueologia moderna.
A estudo do conjunto contribui para responder questões acerca da gestão das estratégias adotadas de exploração animal influenciada pela atividade cinegética e religião. Os dados obtidos indicaram paralelos com outros sítios arqueológicos com a mesma cronologia, na região do Algarve, em que é relevante a dominância de ovino e/ou caprinos ao contrário dos suínos que são reduzidos. As aves, principalmente a galinha, e animais de companhia também se encontram presentes em grande número.
This dissertation has as main objective the contribution to the knowledge of the sociocultural dynamics of the Islamic-medieval communities in the Gharb al-Andalus, through the analysis of the faunal group of the archaeological area Poço Antigo (Cacela a Velha). The archaeological intervention in 2001 allowed us to identify an area of population expansion towards the eastern side of the Alcazaba of Cacela and the emergence of a new port district, dating back to the Islamic-medieval period through exhumed ceramic materials and radiocarbon dating. The zooarchaeological studies carried out so far for the Poço Antigo site in question are limited, which highlights the importance of this work. The faunal collection now analyzed will allow us to understand the relationship between the human communities of the Eastern Algarve with the animals and the feeding strategies in the Islamic-Christian transition period (between the 12th and 13th centuries). Fauna remains from residential dumps are essential for understanding human diet. It’s important to highlight the anthropic manipulation (from the source of food to secondary products such as milk, skin, bones, tendons and others), the improvement and introduction of breeds. Another objective is to understand the taphonomic alterations observed that are caused by natural causes or by biological agents. The analysis of these materials will follow the methodologies of the study of modern zooarchaeology. This study contributes to answer questions about the management of the adopted strategies for utilization of animals, influenced by hunting activity and religion. The obtained data showed parallels with other archaeological sites with the same chronology, in the Algarve region, in which the prevalence of sheep and/or goats is relevant, as opposed to pigs, which are reduced. Birds, especially chicken, and animal pets are also present in large numbers.
This dissertation has as main objective the contribution to the knowledge of the sociocultural dynamics of the Islamic-medieval communities in the Gharb al-Andalus, through the analysis of the faunal group of the archaeological area Poço Antigo (Cacela a Velha). The archaeological intervention in 2001 allowed us to identify an area of population expansion towards the eastern side of the Alcazaba of Cacela and the emergence of a new port district, dating back to the Islamic-medieval period through exhumed ceramic materials and radiocarbon dating. The zooarchaeological studies carried out so far for the Poço Antigo site in question are limited, which highlights the importance of this work. The faunal collection now analyzed will allow us to understand the relationship between the human communities of the Eastern Algarve with the animals and the feeding strategies in the Islamic-Christian transition period (between the 12th and 13th centuries). Fauna remains from residential dumps are essential for understanding human diet. It’s important to highlight the anthropic manipulation (from the source of food to secondary products such as milk, skin, bones, tendons and others), the improvement and introduction of breeds. Another objective is to understand the taphonomic alterations observed that are caused by natural causes or by biological agents. The analysis of these materials will follow the methodologies of the study of modern zooarchaeology. This study contributes to answer questions about the management of the adopted strategies for utilization of animals, influenced by hunting activity and religion. The obtained data showed parallels with other archaeological sites with the same chronology, in the Algarve region, in which the prevalence of sheep and/or goats is relevant, as opposed to pigs, which are reduced. Birds, especially chicken, and animal pets are also present in large numbers.
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Keywords
Zooarqueologia Islâmico Cristão Algarve