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Representações sociais da COVID-19: Um estudo exploratório numa amostra portuguesa
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| 5.83 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo explora as representações sociais da COVID-19 numa amostra portuguesa, utilizando uma abordagem mista que integra métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para compreender como variáveis sociodemográficas e psicossociais influenciam a perceção do fenómeno pandémico. Foram recolhidos dados durante o lockdown de 2020 através de um questionário online aplicado a 253 participantes, combinando a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) com escalas psicossociais e análise por software IRAMUTEQ, incluindo Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) e Análise Fatorial de Correspondência (AFC). Os resultados indicam que elementos como “medo”, “doença” e “pandemia” ocupam o núcleo central das representações, enquanto práticas preventivas como “máscara” e “distanciamento social” aparecem na primeira periferia. A AFC identificou dois eixos principais—Incerteza ↔ Resiliência e Desafio ↔ Ação—refletindo dualidades emocionais e comportamentais. Participantes menos escolarizados e com alto stress percebido tendem a evocar emoções negativas, ao passo que os mais confiantes nas autoridades de saúde focam medidas protetoras. Este trabalho sublinha a necessidade de intervenções públicas adaptadas às diferentes dinâmicas sociopsicológicas.
This exploratory study investigates social representations of COVID-19 in a Portuguese sample, using a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative data. The aim is to understand how these social representations are structured and influenced by sociodemographic and psychosocial variables such as perceived stress, risk perception, trust in herd immunity, and trust in information sources. The research was conducted during the lockdown in 2020 with a diverse sample collected via an online questionnaire. The methodology included the Free Word Association Technique (FWAT) and sociodemographic and psychosocial questionnaires. Data were analysed using IRAMUTEQ software through prototypical analysis, similarity analysis, Hierarchical Descending Classification (CHD), and correspondence factor analysis. The analyses identified word classes and distributed variables in factorial planes, associating representations of the pandemic with individual characteristics. The results showed that fear, disease, and confinement are central elements of social representations. Factor analysis revealed two main axes: Uncertainty ↔ Resilience and Challenge ↔ Action, reflecting the duality in emotional and behavioural responses to the pandemic. Younger participants with greater confidence in social networks focused on preventive measures, while older participants highlighted uncertainty and fear. It is concluded that social representations of COVID-19 are shaped by sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, reflecting both active responses and emotional uncertainty, with important implications for public health interventions.
This exploratory study investigates social representations of COVID-19 in a Portuguese sample, using a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative data. The aim is to understand how these social representations are structured and influenced by sociodemographic and psychosocial variables such as perceived stress, risk perception, trust in herd immunity, and trust in information sources. The research was conducted during the lockdown in 2020 with a diverse sample collected via an online questionnaire. The methodology included the Free Word Association Technique (FWAT) and sociodemographic and psychosocial questionnaires. Data were analysed using IRAMUTEQ software through prototypical analysis, similarity analysis, Hierarchical Descending Classification (CHD), and correspondence factor analysis. The analyses identified word classes and distributed variables in factorial planes, associating representations of the pandemic with individual characteristics. The results showed that fear, disease, and confinement are central elements of social representations. Factor analysis revealed two main axes: Uncertainty ↔ Resilience and Challenge ↔ Action, reflecting the duality in emotional and behavioural responses to the pandemic. Younger participants with greater confidence in social networks focused on preventive measures, while older participants highlighted uncertainty and fear. It is concluded that social representations of COVID-19 are shaped by sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, reflecting both active responses and emotional uncertainty, with important implications for public health interventions.
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Keywords
Covid-19 Fontes de informação Psicologia social Representação social