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Subsistence behavior during the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Europe: site use, dietary practice, and carnivore exploitation at Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria)

2021Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorSmith, Geoff M.
dc.contributor.authorSpasov, Rosen
dc.contributor.authorMartisius, Naomi L.
dc.contributor.authorSinet-Mathiot, Virginie
dc.contributor.authorAldeias, Vera
dc.contributor.authorRezek, Zeljko
dc.contributor.authorRuebens, Karen
dc.contributor.authorPederzani, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorMcPherron, Shannon P.
dc.contributor.authorSirakova, Svoboda
dc.contributor.authorSirakov, Nikolay
dc.contributor.authorTsanova, Tsenka
dc.contributor.authorHublin, Jean-Jacques
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-03T16:21:48Z
dc.date.available2022-01-03T16:21:48Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe behavioral dynamics underlying the expansion of Homo sapiens into Europe remains a crucial topic in human evolution. Owing to poor bone preservation, past studies have strongly focused on the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) stone tool record. Recent excavations and extensive radiocarbon dating at Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria) pushed back the arrival of IUP H. sapiens into Europe to ca. 45,000 years ago. This site has exceptional bone preservation, and we present the study of 7431 faunal remains from across two IUP layers (I and J) and one Middle Paleolithic layer (K). We identified a shift in site use and occupation intensity through time, marked by increased find density and human modifications in Layer I. Alongside a decrease in carnivore presence and seasonality data demonstrating human presence in all seasons, this indicates a more frequent or prolonged occupation of the site by IUP groups. Contrarily, the dietary focus across the IUP and Middle Paleolithic layers is similar, centered on the exploitation of species from a range of habitats including Bos/Bison, Cervidae, Equidae, and Caprinae. While body parts of large herbivores were selectively transported into the site, the bear remains suggest that these animals died in the cave itself. A distinct aspect of the IUP occupation is an increase in carnivore remains with human modifications, including these cave bears but also smaller taxa (e.g., Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes). This can be correlated with their exploitation for pendants, and potentially for skins and furs. At a broader scale, we identified similarities in subsistence behavior across IUP sites in Europe and western Asia. It appears that the first IUP occupations were less intense with find densities and human modifications increasing in succeeding IUP layers. Moreover, the exploitation of small game appears to be limited across IUP sites, while carnivore exploitation seems a recurrent strategy.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103074pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0047-2484
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17411
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationMiddle Palaeolithic projectile weapon TIPs: a regional and assemblage scale perspective on Neanderthal POINT technologies across Europe
dc.subjectCavept_PT
dc.subjectInitial Upper Paleolithicpt_PT
dc.subjectZooarchaeologypt_PT
dc.subjectMiddle to Upper Paleolithic transitionpt_PT
dc.subjectHomo sapienspt_PT
dc.subjectSubsistencept_PT
dc.titleSubsistence behavior during the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Europe: site use, dietary practice, and carnivore exploitation at Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria)pt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMiddle Palaeolithic projectile weapon TIPs: a regional and assemblage scale perspective on Neanderthal POINT technologies across Europe
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/745662/EU
oaire.citation.startPage103074pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Human Evolutionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume161pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
person.familyNameAldeias
person.givenNameVera
person.identifier.ciencia-id9A14-DE8D-BABF
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7680-182X
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55052739100
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication82512493-f3d1-4d00-9e67-2b43e50f67c8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery82512493-f3d1-4d00-9e67-2b43e50f67c8
relation.isProjectOfPublication72dafe70-77c4-4860-a8bf-0c45fad79dd3
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery72dafe70-77c4-4860-a8bf-0c45fad79dd3

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