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Identificação de manchas de óleo no mar através da deteção remota
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| 5.98 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Ao longo dos anos, a exploração de reservas de petróleo em plataformas continentais em águas mais profundas tem aumentado. Como consequência o transporte do petróleo bruto e dos seus derivados por navios e oleodutos tem tido também um crescimento, o que acarreta um risco de derrame provocando impactos negativos no ambiente e na população das regiões afetadas. Estes efeitos merecem mais atenção quando ocorrem em áreas de reserva natural e em zonas balneares.
Em virtude das limitações de técnicas convencionais de fiscalização e monitorização da poluição do mar, a Deteção Remota junto com as imagens de satélites são utilizadas para identificação de manchas de óleo sobre a superfície do mar. Por vezes essa identificação torna-se difícil, devido à existência de outros tipos de manchas escuras que não são de óleo, chamadas de falsos alvos. Por isso, é indispensável a aplicação de técnicas de Deteção Remota para discriminar estas manchas.
O objeto de estudo foi um acidente ligado a um derrame de óleo ocorrido em 2019, na região litorânea do nordeste do Brasil, onde o óleo atingiu mais de 130 cidades.
O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da aquisição, processamento e análise de imagens de RADAR do satélite Sentinel- 1 e aplicando as técnicas de Deteção Remota com ferramentas automáticas e semiautomáticas para extração da mancha de óleo.
Propõe-se neste trabalho de investigação identificar manchas de óleo, distinguir estas em face de outras manchas escuras resultantes de fenómenos naturais ou outros.
Over the years, the exploration of oil reserves on continental shelves in deeper waters has increased. As a result, the transport of crude oil and its derivatives by ships and pipelines is also growing, what increase the risk of spill causing negative impacts on the environment and on the population on the affected regions. These effects deserve more attention when they occur in nature reserve areas and in bathing areas. Due to the limitations of techniques for surveillance and monitoring of the sea surface, remote sensing with satellite images is used to identify oil slicks on the sea surface. This identification is sometimes difficult due to the existence of other types of others black spot that are not oil, called false targets. Therefore, it is essential to apply remote sensing techniques to discriminate these spots. The object of study was the incident of an oil spill that occurred in 2019, in the coastal region of northeastern Brazil, where the oil reached more than 130 cities. The study was developed from the acquisition, processing and analysis of RADAR images from the Sentinel-1 satellite and applying remote sensing techniques with automatic and semi-automatic tools. It is proposed in this research work identify oil spills, discriminate these against other black spots of appearance of natural phenomena or others.
Over the years, the exploration of oil reserves on continental shelves in deeper waters has increased. As a result, the transport of crude oil and its derivatives by ships and pipelines is also growing, what increase the risk of spill causing negative impacts on the environment and on the population on the affected regions. These effects deserve more attention when they occur in nature reserve areas and in bathing areas. Due to the limitations of techniques for surveillance and monitoring of the sea surface, remote sensing with satellite images is used to identify oil slicks on the sea surface. This identification is sometimes difficult due to the existence of other types of others black spot that are not oil, called false targets. Therefore, it is essential to apply remote sensing techniques to discriminate these spots. The object of study was the incident of an oil spill that occurred in 2019, in the coastal region of northeastern Brazil, where the oil reached more than 130 cities. The study was developed from the acquisition, processing and analysis of RADAR images from the Sentinel-1 satellite and applying remote sensing techniques with automatic and semi-automatic tools. It is proposed in this research work identify oil spills, discriminate these against other black spots of appearance of natural phenomena or others.
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Keywords
Deteção remota Derrame de óleo Radar Sar Brasil