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Identificação de áreas suscetíveis a perdas de solo após incêndio florestal. Caso de estudo: Serra de Monchique
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Abstract(s)
Os desequilíbrios e os problemas do território não são recentes, há estudos que confirmam a degradação de recursos naturais importantes, como é o caso da erosão do solo. O solo é a parte superficial da crosta terrestre, sendo um componente complexo, vivo, dinâmico e não renovável, pois numa escala temporal de uma geração não conseguimos visualizar a sua formação. Os solos devem ser reconhecidos e valorizados pelas suas capacidades, nomeadamente, na produção de alimentos, na segurança alimentar e para na manutenção de serviços essenciais dos ecossistemas. O abandono deste recurso natural e a alteração da exploração florestal, contribui para o aumento dos incêndios florestais a nível nacional. O aumento das áreas queimadas e da intensidade dos incêndios florestais, está a tornar-se num grave problema ambiental, principalmente ao nível de danos no solo. Após os incêndios florestais, no início das primeiras chuvas a água arrasta o solo deixando as superfícies esqueléticas. Neste sentido, torna-se extremamente importante estudar o fenómeno da destruição dos solos após os incêndios e desenvolver mecanismos e formas de mitigar os seus efeitos, tornando-se cada vez mais importante adotar práticas que estimulem a sua preservação e o seu aproveitamento sustentável. Esta mudança global pode se verificar através dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030, onde faz referência nos Objetivos 2, 3, 12 e 15. No Objetivo 2 – Erradicar a fome – assegurar sistemas sustentáveis de produção de alimentos que melhorem progressivamente a qualidade da terra e do solo. No Objetivo 3 – Saúde de qualidade – reduzir o número de mortes e doenças devido a químicos perigosos por contaminação e poluição do solo. No objetivo 12 – Produção e consumos sustentáveis – alcançar a gestão sustentável e o uso eficiente dos recursos naturais. No objetivo 15 – Vida na Terra – assegurar a conservação, recuperação e uso sustentável de ecossistemas terrestres e os seus serviços, em especial florestas.
O trabalho de investigação desenvolvido intitulado “Identificação de áreas suscetíveis a perdas de solo após incêndio florestal. Caso de estudo: Serra de Monchique” pretende mostrar as técnicas que poderão ser utilizadas para avaliar as perdas de solo em cenários pós incêndios e desta forma ser possível minimizar essas perdas. Pretende também evidenciar as potencialidades que as novas tecnologias têm na gestão e ordenamento do território, nomeadamente, a Deteção Remota e os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. A área de estudo trata se da serra de Monchique (Algarve) que nos últimos anos tem sido bastante fustigada por grandes incêndios florestais.
The imbalances and problems of the territory are not recent, there are studies that confirm the degradation of important natural resources, such as soil erosion. The soil is the superficial part of the earth's crust, being a complex, living, dynamic and non-renewable component, because in a time scale of a generation we cannot visualize its formation. Soils must be recognized and valued for their capabilities, namely in food production, food security and maintenance of essential ecosystem services. The abandonment of this natural resource and the alteration of forest exploitation, contributes to the increase of forest fires at national level. The increase in burned areas and the intensity of forest fires is becoming a serious environmental problem, mainly in terms of soil damage. After forest fires, at the beginning of the first rains, water drags the soil, leaving skeletal surfaces. In this sense, it is extremely important to study the phenomenon of soil destruction after fires and to develop mechanisms and ways to mitigate its effects, making it increasingly important to adopt practices that encourage their preservation and sustainable use. This global change can be seen through the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, where it refers to Goals 2, 3, 12 and 15. In Goal 2 - Eradicate hunger - ensure sustainable food production systems that progressively improve the quality of food. earth and soil. In Objective 3 - Quality health - reduce the number of deaths and diseases due to hazardous chemicals due to contamination and soil pollution. In objective 12 - Sustainable production and consumption - achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. In objective 15 - Life on Earth - ensure the conservation, recovery and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and their services, in particular forests. The research work carried out entitled “Identification of areas susceptible to soil loss after forest fire. Case study: Serra de Monchique” intends to show the techniques that can be used to assess soil losses in post-fire scenarios and thus be able to minimize those losses. It also intends to highlight the potential that new technologies have in land management and planning, namely Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The study area is the Serra de Monchique (Algarve), which in recent years has been heavily attacked by large forest fires.
The imbalances and problems of the territory are not recent, there are studies that confirm the degradation of important natural resources, such as soil erosion. The soil is the superficial part of the earth's crust, being a complex, living, dynamic and non-renewable component, because in a time scale of a generation we cannot visualize its formation. Soils must be recognized and valued for their capabilities, namely in food production, food security and maintenance of essential ecosystem services. The abandonment of this natural resource and the alteration of forest exploitation, contributes to the increase of forest fires at national level. The increase in burned areas and the intensity of forest fires is becoming a serious environmental problem, mainly in terms of soil damage. After forest fires, at the beginning of the first rains, water drags the soil, leaving skeletal surfaces. In this sense, it is extremely important to study the phenomenon of soil destruction after fires and to develop mechanisms and ways to mitigate its effects, making it increasingly important to adopt practices that encourage their preservation and sustainable use. This global change can be seen through the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, where it refers to Goals 2, 3, 12 and 15. In Goal 2 - Eradicate hunger - ensure sustainable food production systems that progressively improve the quality of food. earth and soil. In Objective 3 - Quality health - reduce the number of deaths and diseases due to hazardous chemicals due to contamination and soil pollution. In objective 12 - Sustainable production and consumption - achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. In objective 15 - Life on Earth - ensure the conservation, recovery and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and their services, in particular forests. The research work carried out entitled “Identification of areas susceptible to soil loss after forest fire. Case study: Serra de Monchique” intends to show the techniques that can be used to assess soil losses in post-fire scenarios and thus be able to minimize those losses. It also intends to highlight the potential that new technologies have in land management and planning, namely Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The study area is the Serra de Monchique (Algarve), which in recent years has been heavily attacked by large forest fires.
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Keywords
Sistema de informação geográfica Deteção remota Perda de solo Restauro Incêndio florestal