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Abstract(s)
A Síndrome Metabólica compreende um conjunto de fatores de risco, inter relacionados, de origem metabólica e cuja presença em simultâneo num mesmo
indivíduo representa um risco acrescido de desenvolvimento de doenças
cardiovasculares. Neste conjunto de fatores de risco incluem-se a obesidade,
hiperglicemia, hipertensão arterial e a dislipidemia aterogénica.
A prevalência da Síndrome Metabólica é difícil de determinar dada a sua
complexidade, no entanto, estima-se que esta condição afete cerca de um quarto da
população mundial. Além disso, as doenças cardiovasculares são atualmente a maior
causa de morte em todo o mundo, sendo que cada um dos fatores de risco que
compõem a Síndrome Metabólica é, por si só, um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento
de doenças cardiovasculares.
A par disso, também a obesidade constitui um problema de saúde pública. Esta
é uma doença que integra os critérios de diagnóstico da Síndrome Metabólica, sendo
incomuns os casos de diagnóstico positivo sem que seja detetado excesso de tecido
adiposo. Ademais, a obesidade pode ser associada a diversas patologias de índole
metabólica, devido à contribuição dos processos biológicos inerentes à acumulação de
tecido adiposo na homeostasia do organismo, constituindo assim um aumento no risco
de aparecimento ou agravamento de doenças cardiometabólicas e outras
comorbilidades.
O tecido adiposo é atualmente considerado como metabolicamente ativo, com
funções importantes no que diz respeito à homeostasia do organismo humano,
intervindo em diversos processos fisiológicos. Isto deve-se, em parte, devido à
capacidade que este tecido tem de produzir polipéptidos bioativos, as adipocitocinas.
A ação das adipocitocinas tem influência em diversas funções fisiológicas, tais
como, o balanço energético, a regulação do apetite, a resposta inflamatória, a
sensibilidade à insulina e a pressão arterial. Posto isto, considerando os seus efeitos
biológicos, estas moléculas e os seus recetores têm vindo a ser apontados como
possíveis alvos terapêuticos, na formulação de novos fármacos para o tratamento da
obesidade e doenças relacionadas.Assim, a presente dissertação consiste na recolha e sistematização de
informação sobre as adipocitocinas, com o intuito de aferir quais as perspetivas da sua
possível utilização como novos alvos terapêuticos em mecanismos fisiopatológicos
inerentes à Síndrome Metabólica.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated risk factors with metabolic origin which its simultaneous presence in the same individual represents an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. This set of risk factors includes obesity, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is difficult to determine due to its complexity, however, it is estimated that this condition affects about a quarter of the world’s population. Moreover, cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide, and each one of the risk factors included in metabolic syndrome is by itself a risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases’ development. In addition, obesity is also a public health problem. This disease is comprised on diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome, and the presence of excess adipose tissue occur in most of the positive diagnosis. Furthermore, obesity can also be associated with several metabolic pathologies due to the contribution of the biological process inherent to adipose tissue’s accumulation on the overall body homeostasis which constitutes an increased risk of onset or worsening of cardiometabolic diseases and other comorbidities. Adipose tissue is currently considered a metabolically active organ with important functions in homeostasis of the human body and it’s involved in various physiological processes. This is, in part, due to its ability to produce bioactive polypeptides such as adipocytokines. The action of adipocytokines has an impact on several physiological functions, such as energy balance, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Therefore, taking into account their biological effects, these molecules and the correspondent receptors have been pointed out as possible therapeutic targets to new drugs development for obesity and related diseases. Thus, this dissertation aims to collect and systematize information about several adipocytokines, intending to assess the perspectives of their potential use as new therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome’s inherent physiopathological mechanisms.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated risk factors with metabolic origin which its simultaneous presence in the same individual represents an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. This set of risk factors includes obesity, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is difficult to determine due to its complexity, however, it is estimated that this condition affects about a quarter of the world’s population. Moreover, cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide, and each one of the risk factors included in metabolic syndrome is by itself a risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases’ development. In addition, obesity is also a public health problem. This disease is comprised on diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome, and the presence of excess adipose tissue occur in most of the positive diagnosis. Furthermore, obesity can also be associated with several metabolic pathologies due to the contribution of the biological process inherent to adipose tissue’s accumulation on the overall body homeostasis which constitutes an increased risk of onset or worsening of cardiometabolic diseases and other comorbidities. Adipose tissue is currently considered a metabolically active organ with important functions in homeostasis of the human body and it’s involved in various physiological processes. This is, in part, due to its ability to produce bioactive polypeptides such as adipocytokines. The action of adipocytokines has an impact on several physiological functions, such as energy balance, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Therefore, taking into account their biological effects, these molecules and the correspondent receptors have been pointed out as possible therapeutic targets to new drugs development for obesity and related diseases. Thus, this dissertation aims to collect and systematize information about several adipocytokines, intending to assess the perspectives of their potential use as new therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome’s inherent physiopathological mechanisms.
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Keywords
Síndrome metabólica Obesidade Doenças cardiovasculares Tecido adiposo Adipocitocinas Alvos terapêuticos