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Aplicação de um programa de Intervenção psicoeducativa em idosos institucionalizados
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Abstract(s)
O aumento da esperança média de vida é um marco importante, mas conjuntamente com as baixas taxas de natalidade e fluxos emigratórios, que reduzem o número de jovens em Portugal, acaba por causar grande pressão na população mais envelhecida. Esta extensão do tempo de vida, embora positiva, acarreta várias dificuldades aquando do processo do envelhecimento, dificuldades que não parecem estar a ser prevenidas ou remediadas pela sociedade. O aumento dos défices cognitivos, a diminuição da autonomia e da qualidade de vida dos idosos em Portugal revelam-se grandes obstáculos no caminho para atingir um envelhecimento saudável.
A presente investigação tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos de um programa de estimulação física e cognitiva nas capacidades funcionais e cognitivas num grupo de idosos institucionalizados. Para tal, elaborou-se um estudo de caso exploratório, descritivo, transversal e comparativo, do qual participaram 34 utentes do Lar de uma Santa Casa da Misericórdia, com idades compreendidas entre os 69 e os 99 anos (M=86.2; DP=6.8). Os participantes foram divididos de forma aleatória em dois grupos, nomeadamente experimental e de controlo. O grupo experimental participou em 15 sessões de estimulação física e cognitiva. Para analisar os efeitos foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida na Doença de Alzheimer, Mini Mental State Examination, Índice de Barthel e Índice de Katz. Estes instrumentos foram aplicados em dois momentos, em ambos grupos, antes e depois do programa de intervenção. Foi também aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico para analisar as características da amostra nomeadamente o género, idade, escolaridade, profissão antes da reforma, estado de saúde e motivos de entrada na instituição.
Os resultados da investigação apontam para uma melhoria das capacidades cognitivas dos idosos institucionalizados, relativamente ao grupo experimental, assim como na sua qualidade de vida. De assinalar que as capacidades funcionais apresentaram uma ligeira regressão após o programa de intervenção.
The increase in average life expectancy is an important milestone, but together with low birth rates and emigration flows, which are reducing the number of young people in Portugal, it is putting great pressure on the ageing population. This extension of l ife expectancy, although positive, brings with it various difficulties during the ageing process, difficulties that do not seem to be being prevented or remedied by society. The increase in cognitive deficits, the decline in autonomy and the quality of lif e of the elderly in Portugal are major obstacles on the road to achieving healthy ageing. The aim of this research is to analyse the effects of a physical and cognitive stimulation program on the functional and cognitive capacities of a group of instituti onalised elderly people. To this end, an exploratory, descriptive, cross sectional and comparative case study was carried out, involving 34 individuals of a Santa Casa da Misericórdia nursing home, aged between 69 and 99 ( M =86.2; SD =6.8). The participants were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group took part in 15 sessions of physical and cognitive stimulation. The following instruments were used to analyse the effects: Alzheimer's Disease Quality of Life Assessme nt Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Barthel Index and Katz Index. . These instruments were administered to both groups before and after the intervention program. A sociodemographic questionnaire was also administered to find out the characteristics of the sample, namely gender, age, schooling, profession before retirement, state of health and reasons for entering the institution. The results of the research point to an improvement in the cognitive abilities of the institutionalised elderly compared to the experimental group, as well as in their quality of life. It should be noted that functional abilities showed a slight regression after the intervention program
The increase in average life expectancy is an important milestone, but together with low birth rates and emigration flows, which are reducing the number of young people in Portugal, it is putting great pressure on the ageing population. This extension of l ife expectancy, although positive, brings with it various difficulties during the ageing process, difficulties that do not seem to be being prevented or remedied by society. The increase in cognitive deficits, the decline in autonomy and the quality of lif e of the elderly in Portugal are major obstacles on the road to achieving healthy ageing. The aim of this research is to analyse the effects of a physical and cognitive stimulation program on the functional and cognitive capacities of a group of instituti onalised elderly people. To this end, an exploratory, descriptive, cross sectional and comparative case study was carried out, involving 34 individuals of a Santa Casa da Misericórdia nursing home, aged between 69 and 99 ( M =86.2; SD =6.8). The participants were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group took part in 15 sessions of physical and cognitive stimulation. The following instruments were used to analyse the effects: Alzheimer's Disease Quality of Life Assessme nt Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Barthel Index and Katz Index. . These instruments were administered to both groups before and after the intervention program. A sociodemographic questionnaire was also administered to find out the characteristics of the sample, namely gender, age, schooling, profession before retirement, state of health and reasons for entering the institution. The results of the research point to an improvement in the cognitive abilities of the institutionalised elderly compared to the experimental group, as well as in their quality of life. It should be noted that functional abilities showed a slight regression after the intervention program
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Keywords
Idosos institucionalizados Envelhecimento Intervenção psicoeducativa Estimulação física e cognitiva Qualidade de vida