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Browsing by Author "Bishop, Justin A."

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  • Cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of oral cavity and oropharynx: A collective international review
    Publication . Suarez, Carlos; Barnes, Leon; Silver, Carl E.; Rodrigo, Juan P.; Shah, Jatin P.; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Cardesa, Antonio; Pitman, Karen T.; Kowalski, Luiz P.; Robbins, K. Thomas; Hellquist, Henrik; Medina, Jesus E.; Bree, Remco de; Takes, Robert P.; Coca-Pelaz, Andres; Bradley, Patrick J.; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Teymoortash, Afshin; Strojan, Primoz; Mendenhall, William M.; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Bishop, Justin A.; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Hamoir, Marc; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Williams, Michelle D.; Wenig, Bruce M.; Skalova, Alena; Ferlito, Alfio
    The purpose of this study was to suggest general guidelines in the management of the NO neck of oral cavity and oropharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in order to improve the survival of these patients and/or reduce the risk of neck recurrences. The incidence of cervical node metastasis at diagnosis of head and neck AdCC is variable, and ranges between 3% and 16%. Metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes of intraoral and oropharyngeal AdCC varies from 2% to 43%, with the lower rates pertaining to palatal AdCC and the higher rates to base of the tongue. Neck node recurrence may happen after treatment in 0-14% of AdCC, is highly dependent on the extent of the treatment and is very rare in patients who have been treated with therapeutic or elective neck dissections, or elective neck irradiation. Lymph node involvement with or without extracapsular extension in AdCC has been shown in most reports to be independently associated with decreased overall and cause-specific survival, probably because lymph node involvement is a risk factor for subsequent distant metastasis. The overall rate of occult neck metastasis in patients with head and neck AdCC ranges from 15% to 44%, but occult neck metastasis from oral cavity and/or oropharynx seems to occur more frequently than from other locations, such as the sinonasal tract and major salivary glands. Nevertheless, the benefit of elective neck dissection (END) in AdCC is not comparable to that of squamous cell carcinoma, because the main cause of failure is not relaied to neck or local recurrence, but rather, to distant failure. Therefore, END should be considered in patients with a cN0 neck with AdCC in some high risk oral and oropharyngeal locations when postoperative RT is not planned, or the rare AdCC-high grade transformation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    2016-10Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • Cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx: a collective international review
    Publication . Coca-Pelaz, Andres; Barnes, Leon; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Cardesa, Antonio; Shah, Jatin P.; Rodrigo, Juan P.; Suarez, Carlos; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Bishop, Justin A.; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Wenig, Bruce M.; Strojan, Primoz; Hamoir, Marc; Bradley, Patrick J.; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Silver, Carl E.; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Williams, Michelle D.; Skalova, Alena; Hellquist, Henrik; Teymoortash, Afshin; Medina, Jesus E.; Robbins, K. Thomas; Pitman, Karen T.; Kowalski, Luiz P.; de Bree, Remco; Mendenhall, William M.; Takes, Robert P.; Ferlito, Alfio
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) of the head and neck is a well-recognized pathologic entity that rarely occurs in the larynx. Although the 5-year locoregional control rates are high, distant metastasis has a tendency to appear more than 5 years post treatment. Because AdCC of the larynx is uncommon, it is difficult to standardize a treatment protocol. One of the controversial points is the decision whether or not to perform an elective neck dissection on these patients. Because there is contradictory information about this issue, we have critically reviewed the literature from 1912 to 2015 on all reported cases of AdCC of the larynx in order to clarify this issue. During the most recent period of our review (1991-2015) with a more exact diagnosis of the tumor histology, 142 cases were observed of AdCC of the larynx, of which 91 patients had data pertaining to lymph node status. Eleven of the 91 patients (12.1%) had nodal metastasis and, based on this low proportion of patients, routine elective neck dissection is therefore not recommended.
    2016-04Journal article Open access Show more
  • Cervical lymph node metastasis in high-grade transformation of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: a collective international review
    Publication . Hellquist, Henrik; Skalova, Alena; Barnes, Leon; Cardesa, Antonio; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Williams, Michelle D.; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Bishop, Justin A.; Wenig, Bruce M.; Suarez, Carlos; Rodrigo, Juan P.; Coca-Pelaz, Andres; Strojan, Primoz; Shah, Jatin P.; Hamoir, Marc; Bradley, Patrick J.; Silver, Carl E.; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Teymoortash, Afshin; Medina, Jesus E.; Robbins, K. Thomas; Pitman, Karen T.; Kowalski, Luiz P.; de Bree, Remco; Mendenhall, William M.; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Takes, Robert P.; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ferlito, Alfio
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is among the most common malignant tumors of the salivary glands. It is characterized by a prolonged clinical course, with frequent local recurrences, late onset of metastases and fatal outcome. High-grade transformation (HGT) is an uncommon phenomenon among salivary carcinomas and is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness. In AdCC with high-grade transformation (AdCC-HGT), the clinical course deviates from the natural history of AdCC. It tends to be accelerated, with a high propensity for lymph node metastasis. In order to shed light on this rare event and, in particular, on treatment implications, we undertook this review: searching for all published cases of AdCC-HGT. We conclude that it is mandatory to perform elective neck dissection in patients with AdCC-HGT, due to the high risk of lymph node metastases associated with transformation.
    2016-07Journal article Open access Show more
  • Emerging entities and new diagnostic markers for head and neck soft tissue and bone tumors
    Publication . Franchi, Alessandro; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Hernandez-Prera, Juan C.; Agaimy, Abbas; Williams, Michelle D.; Mikkelsen, Lauge H.; Bishop, Justin A.; Willems, Stefan M.; Hellquist, Henrik; Ferlito, Alfio
    Bone and soft tissue tumors of the head and neck are relatively uncommon tumors that often represent a diagnostic challenge because of the wide range of entities that must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Over the past few years, classification of bone and soft tissue tumors has evolved primarily because of substantial contributions from molecular genetics, with the identification of new markers that are increasingly used to complement histopathologic findings in the routine diagnostic workup. This review focuses on the recently described mesenchymal tumors that preferentially involve the head and neck region, with a focus on the most relevant novel immunohistochemical and molecular findings, including gene fusions and mutations, that can help in the diagnosis and in the assessment of clinical behavior.
    2021-05Review Restricted access Show more
  • High-grade transformation/dedifferentiation in salivary gland carcinomas: occurrence across subtypes and clinical significance
    Publication . Skalova, Alena; Leivo, Ilmo; Hellquist, Henrik; Agaimy, Abbas; Simpson, Roderick H. W.; Stenman, Goran; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Bishop, Justin A.; Franchi, Alessandro; Hernandez-Prera, Juan C.; Slouka, David; Willems, Stefan M.; Olsen, Kerry D.; Ferlito, Alfio
    High-grade transformation (HGT) or dedifferentiation has been described in a variety of salivary gland carcinomas, including acinic cell carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, polymorphous adenocarcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma. High-grade (HG) transformed tumors are composed of a conventional low-grade component characterized by specific microscopic and immunohistochemical features for the given entity, intermingled with or juxtaposed to areas of HG morphology. This is usually either poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, carcinoma not otherwise specified, or undifferentiated carcinoma, in which the original line of differentiation is lost. The HG component is composed of solid nests of anaplastic cells with large vesicular pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm. Frequent mitoses and extensive necrosis may be present. The Ki-67 labeling index is consistently higher in the HG component. The molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for HGT of salivary gland carcinomas are largely unknown, though p53 inactivation and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression and/or gene amplification have been demonstrated in the HG component in a few examples, the frequency varies for each histologic type. Salivary gland carcinomas with HGT are more aggressive than conventional carcinomas, with a higher local recurrence rate and a poorer prognosis. They have a high propensity for cervical lymph node metastasis suggesting a need for a wider resection and neck dissection. HGT of salivary gland carcinoma can occur either at initial presentation or less commonly at the time of recurrence, sometimes following postoperative radiotherapy. The potential for HGT in almost any type of salivary gland carcinoma warrants a thorough sampling of all salivary gland malignancies to prevent oversight of a HG component.
    2021-05Review Restricted access Show more
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the sinonasal region
    Publication . Bell, Diana; Hanna, Ehab Y.; Weber, Randal S.; DeMonte, Franco; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Lewis, James S., Jr.; Cardesa, Antonio; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Stenman, Goran; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Rodrigo, Juan P.; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Wenig, Bruce M.; Westra, William H.; Bishop, Justin A.; Hellquist, Henrik; Hunt, Jennifer L.; Kusafuka, Kimihide; Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Williams, Michelle D.; Takes, Robert P.; Ferlito, Alfio
    Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the sinonasal region, which are relatively uncommon but clinically very important, are reviewed here in the light of current knowledge. Using a definition for neuroendocrine based on phenotypic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features rather than histogenetic criteria, sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas are examined with a particular emphasis on the small-cell and large-cell subtypes. This is followed by revisiting olfactory neuroblastoma because it is also a tumor that shows a neuroendocrine phenotype. Kadish clinical and Hyams histologic grading systems as prognosticators of olfactory neuroblastoma are also considered in detail. Finally, controversies regarding sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma as a neuroendocrine tumor are discussed and a possible relationship with high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma is explored. Genetic events and current management of these tumors are also outlined. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    2016-04Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • Newly described entities in salivary gland pathology
    Publication . Skalova, Alena; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Lewis, James S., Jr.; Hunt, Jennifer L.; Bishop, Justin A.; Hellquist, Henrik; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Poorten, Vincent Vander; Ferlito, Alfio
    Salivary glands may give rise to a wide spectrum of different tumors. This review concentrates on 4 salivary gland tumors that have been accepted in the recent literature as new neoplastic entities: mammary analog secretory carcinoma, cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CASG), sclerosing polycystic adenosis/adenoma (SPA), and the mucinous/secretory variant of myoepithelioma. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma is a distinctive low-grade malignant salivary cancer that harbors a characteristic chromosomal translocation, t(12;15) (p13;q25), resulting in an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Cribriform adenocarcinoma (CASG) is a distinct tumor entity that differs from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma by location (ie, most often arising on the tongue), by prominent nuclear clearing, differing alterations of the PRKD gene family, and clinical behavior with frequent metastases at the time of presentation of the primary tumor. Early nodal metastatic disease is seen in most cases of CASG; yet, they are still associated with indolent clinical behavior, making it a unique neoplasm among all low-grade salivary gland tumors. SPA is a rare sclerosing tumor of the salivary glands characterized by the combination of cystic ductal structures with variable cell lining including vacuolated, apocrine, mucinous, squamous, and foamy cells, by prominent large acinar cells with coarse eosinophilic cytoplasmic zymogen-like granules, and by closely packed ductal structures, surrounded by a peripheral myoepithelial layer and stromal fibrosis with focal inflammatory infiltrates. SPA frequently harbors intraductal epithelial dysplastic proliferations ranging from mild dysplasia to severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Moreover, SPA has been proven to be a clonal process by HUMARA assay and is associated with considerable risk of recurrence. Therefore, on the basis of all these newly recognized findings, we believe that SPA is likely a neoplasm, and we suggest the name sclerosing polycystic adenoma. The mucinous variant of myoepithelioma is a myoepithelial tumor with foci of prominent cytoplasmic clearing frequently containing intracellular mucin material and having signet-ring morphology.
    2017-08Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • NUT midline carcinoma of the larynx: an international series and review of the literature.
    Publication . Hellquist, Henrik; French, Christopher A.; Bishop, Justin A.; Coca-Pelaz, Andres; Propst, Evan J.; Paiva Correia, António; Ngan, Bo-Yee; Grant, Ronald; Cipriani, Nicole A; Vokes, David; Henrique, Rui; Pardal, Fernando; Vizcaino, Jose Ramon; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ferlito, Alfio
    AIMS: NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare undifferentiated and aggressive carcinoma that locates characteristically to the midline of the head and neck, and mediastinum. NMC is characterized by chromosomal rearrangements of the gene NUT, at 15q14. The BRD4 gene on 19q13 is the most common translocation partner forming a fusion oncogene, BRD4-NUT. By the end of 2014, the International NUT Midline Carcinoma Registry had 48 patients treated for NMC. Laryngeal NMC are exceedingly rare, and we report a case series of seven cases.METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched for cases in files of different hospitals as well as a thorough search of the English language literature. The diagnosis of NMC is made by demonstration of NUT rearrangement either by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found three previously published cases, and in this series add four cases of our own.CONCLUSIONS: NMC consists of monomorphic, often discohesive, cells with an epithelioid appearance and distinct nucleoli. The tumours typically show abrupt squamous differentiation. The mean age of the patients was 34 years, hence significantly lower than that for conventional laryngeal carcinoma. All tumours were located in the supraglottis and five patients died of the disease after 3, 7, 8, 9 and 11 months. Laryngeal NMC may be underdiagnosed, and an increased awareness among pathologists is warranted. NMC has characteristic morphological features, and positive immunostaining with the NUT antibody is diagnostic. Its aggressive behaviour demands a very intense treatment strategy and the need for its recognition is emphasized further by new promising treatment strategies.
    2016-12Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation in Head and Neck Malignancies Other Than Rhabdomyosarcoma
    Publication . Bishop, Justin A.; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Cardesa, Antonio; Barnes, Leon; Lewis, James S., Jr.; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Hellquist, Henrik; Stenman, Goran; Hunt, Jennifer L.; Williams, Michelle D.; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Wenig, Bruce M.; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ferlito, Alfio
    Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that frequently affects children and adolescents and may involve the head and neck. Rhabdomyosarcoma is defined by skeletal muscle differentiation which can be suggested by routine histology and confirmed by immunohistochemistry for the skeletal muscle-specific markers myogenin or myoD1. At the same time, it must be remembered that when it comes to head and neck malignancies, skeletal muscle differentiation is not limited to rhabdomyosarcoma. A lack of awareness of this phenomenon could lead to misdiagnosis and, subsequently, inappropriate therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on malignant neoplasms of the head and neck other than rhabdomyosarcoma that may exhibit rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with an emphasis on strategies to resolve the diagnostic dilemmas these tumors may present. Axiomatically, no primary central nervous system tumors will be discussed.
    2015-12Journal article Unknown Show more
  • Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC): from an entity to morphologic pattern and back again-a historical perspective
    Publication . Agaimy, Abbas; Franchi, Alessandro; Lund, Valerie J.; Skalova, Alena; Bishop, Justin A.; Triantafyllou, Asterios; Andreasen, Simon; Gnepp, Douglas R.; Hellquist, Henrik; Thompson, Lester D. R.; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ferlito, Alfio
    Since the first description of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) as a distinctive highly aggressive sinonasal neoplasm with probable origin from the sinonasal mucosa (Schneiderian epithelium), SNUC has been the subject of ongoing study and controversy. In particular, the SNUC category gradually became a "wastebasket" for any undifferentiated or unclassifiable sinonasal malignancy of definite or probable epithelial origin. However, with the availability of more specific and sensitive immunohistochemical antibodies and increasing implementation of novel genetic tools, the historical SNUC category became the subject of progressive subdivision leading to recognition of specific genetically defined, reproducible subtypes. These recently recognized entities are characterized by distinctive genetic aberrations including NUTM1-rearranged carcinoma (NUT carcinoma) and carcinomas associated with inactivation of different members of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling gene complex such as SMARCB1-deficient and less frequently SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma. The ring became almost closed, with recent studies highlighting frequent oncogenic IDH2 mutations in the vast majority of histologically defined SNUCs, with a frequency of 82%. A review of these cases suggests the possibility that "true SNUC" probably represents a distinctive neoplastic disease entity, morphologically, phenotypically, and genetically. This review addresses this topic from a historical perspective, with a focus on recently recognized genetically defined subsets within the SNUC spectrum.
    2020-03Journal article Unknown Show more