Percorrer por autor "Colen, R."
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- A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperaturesPublication . Teodósio, Rita; Aragão, Cláudia; Colen, R.; Carrilho, Raquel; Dias, Jorge; Engrola, SofiaGilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is vulnerable to low water temperature, which may occur in the Southern Europe and Mediterranean region during Winter. Fish are poikilothermic animals, therefore feed intake, digestion, metabolism and ultimately growth are affected by water temperature. This study aimed to evaluate growth performance, feed utilisation, nutrient apparent digestibility, and nitrogen losses to the environment in gilthead seabream juveniles reared under low temperature (similar to 13 degrees C). Three isolipid and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a diet similar to a commercial feed (COM) that contained 44% crude protein and 27.5% fishmeal, and two experimental diets with a lower protein content of 42% (ECO and ECOSup). In both ECO diets fishmeal inclusion was reduced (10% in ECO and 7.5% in ECOSup diet) and 15% poultry meal was included. Additionally, the ECOSup diet was supplemented with a mix of feed additives intended to promote fish growth performance and feed intake. The ECO diets presented lower production costs than the COM diet, whilst incorporating more sustainable ingredients. Gilthead seabream juveniles (+/- 154.5 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks and fed the diets for 84 days. Fish fed the ECOSup diet attained a similar final body weight than fish fed the COM diet, significantly higher than fish fed the ECO diet. ECOSup fed fish presented significantly higher hepatosomatic index than COM fed fish, most likely due to higher hepatic glycogen reserves. The viscerosomatic index of ECOSup fed fish were significantly lower compared to COM fed fish, which is a positive achievement from a consumer's point of view. ECOSup diet exhibited similar nutrient digestibility than the COM diet. Moreover, feeding fish with the ECO diets resulted in lower faecal nitrogen losses when compared to COM fed fish. The results suggest that feeding gilthead seabream with an eco-friendly diet with a mix of feed additives such as the ECOSup diet, promoted growth and minimised nitrogen losses to the environment. Nutritional strategies that ultimately promote feed intake and diet utilisation are valuable tools that may help conditioning fish to sustain growth even under low temperatures.
- Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: towards a more sustainable productionPublication . Aragão, Cláudia; Cabano, Miguel; Colen, R.; Fuentes, Juan; Dias, JorgeTo support the expected increase in aquaculture production during the next years, a wider range of alternative ingredients to fishmeal is needed, towards contributing to an increase in production sustainability. This study aimed to test diets formulated with non‐conventional feed ingredients on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility of nutrients and nutrient outputs to the environment. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a control diet (CTRL) similar to a commercial feed and three experimental diets containing, as main protein sources, plant by‐products, glutens and concentrates (PLANT); processed animal proteins (PAP); or micro/macroalgae, insect meals and yeast (EMERG). Diets were tested in triplicate during 80 days. The EMERG treatment resulted in lower fish growth performance, higher FCR and lower nutrient and energy retentions than the other treatments. The lowest protein digestibility was found for the EMERG diet, which caused increased nitrogen losses. The PLANT and PAP treatments resulted in better fish growth performance, higher nutrient and energy retentions, and lower FCR than the CTRL treatment. The significant improvement in FCR found for fish fed PLANT and PAP diets and the high protein digestibility of these diets contribute towards minimizing the environmental impacts of seabream production.
- Data on European seabass fed with methionine-enriched diets obtained through label free shotgun proteomicsPublication . Farinha, Ana Paula; Schrama, Denise; Silva, Tomé; Conceição, Luís E.C.; Colen, R.; Engrola, Sofia; Rodrigues, Pedro; Cerqueira, MarcoThis data article is associated with the research article "Evaluating the impact of methionine-enriched diets in the liver of European seabass through label-free shotgun proteomics". Here it is described the data obtained from proteomic analysis of 36 European seabass juveniles (3 fish x 3 replicate tanks) after 18 days of feeding with experimental diets containing four inclusion levels of methionine (Met): 0.77%, 1%, 1.36% and 1.66% Met (w/w). We analysed this dataset and compared it with that obtained during the long-term feeding period i.e., 85 days. Fish liver proteins were digested with trypsin and purified peptides were analysed by LC-MS/MS. Proteins were identified with at least two peptides at 0.1% Decoy false discovery rate (FDR). In this dataset, we present the analysis of the differential abundant proteins (DAP) with significant differences across treatments after 18 days of feeding (One-Way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Treatment's comparisons were also performed between the 18- and 85-days feeding trials through Two-Way ANOVA (p < 0.05). MS/MS raw data are available via ProteomeXChange with identifiers PXD019610 and 10.6019/PXD019610 (18-days dataset); and PXD019622 and 10.6019/PXD019622 (85-days dataset). This dataset corresponds to fish sampled after 18-days of experimental trial and is made available to support the study conducted in the afore-mentioned article, by performing the analysis during a short-term period of feeding. The data presented may be further used in other nutritional studies e.g., addressing hepatic changes mediated by Met.
- Dietary antioxidant supplementation promotes growth in senegalese sole postlarvaePublication . Xavier, Maria J; Engrola, Sofia; Conceição, Luis E C; Manchado, Manuel; Carballo, Carlos; Gonçalves, Renata; Colen, R.; Figueiredo, Vera; Valente, Luisa M PSomatic growth is a balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and it is largely influenced by nutritional clues. Antioxidants levels play a key role in protein turnover by reducing the oxidative damage in the skeletal muscle, and hence promoting growth performance in the long-term. In the present study, Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 days after hatching, DAH) were fed with three experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and two supplemented with natural antioxidants: curcumin (CC) and grape seed (GS). Trial spanned for 25 days and growth performance, muscle cellularity and the expression of muscle growth related genes were assessed at the end of the experiment (70 DAH). The diets CC and GS significantly improved growth performance of fish compared to the CTRL diet. This enhanced growth was associated with larger muscle cross sectional area, with fish fed CC being significantly different from those fed the CTRL. Sole fed the CC diet had the highest number of muscle fibers, indicating that this diet promoted muscle hyperplastic growth. Although the mean fiber diameter did not differ significantly amongst treatments, the proportion of large-sized fibers (>25 μm) was also higher in fish fed the CC diet suggesting increased hypertrophic growth. Such differences in the phenotype were associated with a significant up-regulation of the myogenic differentiation 2 (myod2) and the myomaker (mymk) transcripts involved in myocyte differentiation and fusion, respectively, during larval development. The inclusion of grape seed extract (GS diet) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of myostatin1. These results demonstrate that both diets (CC and GS) can positively modulate muscle development and promote growth in sole postlarvae. This effect is more prominent in CC fed fish, where increased hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth of the muscle was associated with an upregulation of myod2 and mymk genes.
- Dietary creatine supplementation in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): comparative proteomics analysis on fish allergens, muscle quality, and liverPublication . Schrama, Denise; Cerqueira, Marco; Raposo de Magalhães, Cláudia; Rosa Da Costa, Ana; Wulff, Tune; Gonçalves, Amparo; Camacho, Carolina; Colen, R.; Fonseca, Flávio; Rodrigues, PedroThe quality of fish flesh depends on the skeletal muscle's energetic state and delaying energy depletion through diets supplementation could contribute to the preservation of muscle's quality traits and modulation of fish allergens. Food allergies represent a serious public health problem worldwide with fish being one of the top eight more allergenic foods. Parvalbumins, have been identified as the main fish allergen. In this study, we attempted to produce a low allergenic farmed fish with improved muscle quality in controlled artificial conditions by supplementing a commercial fish diet with different creatine percentages. The supplementation of fish diets with specific nutrients, aimed at reducing the expression of parvalbumin, can be considered of higher interest and beneficial in terms of food safety and human health. The effects of these supplemented diets on fish growth, physiological stress, fish muscle status, and parvalbumin modulation were investigated. Data from zootechnical parameters were used to evaluate fish growth, food conversion ratios and hepatosomatic index. Physiological stress responses were assessed by measuring cortisol releases and muscle quality analyzed by rigor mortis and pH. Parvalbumin, creatine, and glycogen concentrations in muscle were also determined. Comparative proteomics was used to look into changes in muscle and liver tissues at protein level. Our results suggest that the supplementation of commercial fish diets with creatine does not affect farmed fish productivity parameters, or either muscle quality. Additionally, the effect of higher concentrations of creatine supplementation revealed a minor influence in fish physiological welfare. Differences at the proteome level were detected among fish fed with different diets. Differential muscle proteins expression was identified as tropomyosins, beta enolase, and creatine kinase among others, whether in liver several proteins involved in the immune system, cellular processes, stress, and inflammation response were modulated. Regarding parvalbumin modulation, the tested creatine percentages added to the commercial diet had also no effect in the expression of this protein. The use of proteomics tools showed to be sensitive to infer about changes of the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding fish responses to external stimulus, providing a holistic and unbiased view on fish allergens and muscle quality.
- Dietary curcumin promotes gilthead seabream larvae digestive capacity and modulates oxidative statusPublication . Xavier, Maria João; Dardengo, Gian Marco; Navarro-Guillén, Carmen; Lopes, Andre D.; Colen, R.; Valente, Luisa M. P.; Conceição, Luís E. C.; Engrola, SofiaThe larval stage is highly prone to stress due to the ontogenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in fish. Curcumin inclusion in diets has been shown to improve growth by modulating oxidative status, immune response, and/or feed digestibility in several fish species. The aim of the present work was to assess if dietary curcumin could promote marine fish larvae digestive maturation and improve robustness. Gilthead seabream larvae were fed a diet supplemented with curcumin at dose of 0 (CTRL), 1.5 (LOW), or 3.0 g/Kg feed for 27 days. From 4 to 24 days after hatching (DAH), no differences were observed in growth performance. At the end of the experiment (31 DAH) LOW larvae had a better condition factor than CTRL fish. Moreover, HIGH larvae showed higher trypsin and chymotrypsin activity when compared to CTRL fish. LOW and HIGH larvae were able to maintain the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production during development, in contrast to CTRL larvae. In conclusion, curcumin supplementation seems to promote larvae digestive capacity and modulate the oxidative status during ontogeny. Furthermore, the present results provide new insights on the impacts of dietary antioxidants on marine larvae development and a possible improvement of robustness in the short and long term.
- Dietary methionine supplementation improves the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status following long-term feeding on fishmeal-free dietsPublication . Machado, Marina; Engrola, Sofia; Colen, R.; Conceicao, Luis E. C.; Dias, Jorge; Costas, BenjaminMethionine is a limiting amino acid (AA) in fish diets, particularly in those containing high levels of plant protein (PP), and is key in the immune system. Accordingly, outcome on the fish immune mechanisms of methionine-deficient and methionine-supplemented diets within the context of 0 % fishmeal formulation, after a short and prolonged feeding period, was studied in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For this, seabass juveniles were fed a (i) fishmeal-free diet, meeting AA requirements, but deficient in methionine (MET0·65); (ii) as control, the MET0·65 supplemented with L-methionine at 0·22 % of feed weight (CTRL); (iii) two diets, identical to MET0·65 but supplemented at 0·63 and 0·88 % of feed weight of L-methionine (MET1·25 and MET1·5, respectively); and (iv) a fishmeal-based diet (FM), as positive control. After 2 and 12 weeks of feeding, blood and plasma were sampled for leucocyte counting and humoral parameter assays and head-kidney collected for gene expression. After 2 weeks of feeding, a fishmeal-free diet supplemented with methionine led to changes in the expression of methionine- and leucocyte-related genes. A methionine immune-enhancer role was more evident after 12 weeks with an increased neutrophil percentage and a decreased expression of apoptotic genes, possibly indicating an enhancement of fish immunity by methionine dietary supplementation. Furthermore, even though CTRL and FM present similar methionine content, CTRL presented a reduced expression of several immune-related genes indicating that in a practical PP-based diet scenario, the requirement level of methionine for an optimal immune status could be higher.
- Dietary natural plant extracts can promote growth and modulate oxidative status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae under standard/challenge conditionsPublication . Xavier, Maria João; Conceição, Luís E. C.; Valente, Luisa M. P.; Colen, R.; Rodrigues, Andreia C. M.; Rocha, Rui J. M.; L, Custódio; Carballo, Carlos; Manchado, Manuel; Engrola, SofiaPlant extracts are known for their high content and diversity of polyphenols, which can improve fish oxidative status. A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 days after hatching) fed with one of four experimental diets—control (CTRL), and supplemented with curcumin (CC), green tea (GT), and grape seed (GS) extracts—was performed to assess if supplementation could improve growth performance and oxidative status. At the end of the growth trial, postlarvae were submitted to a thermal stress to assess their robustness. Sole growth was improved by CC and GS diets when compared to those fed the CTRL. CC and CTRL postlarvae presented the lowest oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation values). Stress-related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 and glutathione-S-transferase) decreased in CC fish compared to those fed the CTRL diet, which might be due to a direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast, oxidative damage increased in GT and GS sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress, GT and GS diets prevented the increase of protein carbonylation content and the decrease of antioxidant glutathione, depending on exposure time. Overall, dietary supplementation with natural extracts modulated oxidative status and stress response after a short/long-term exposure to temperature.
- Effects of dietary curcumin in growth performance, oxidative status and gut morphometry and function of gilthead seabream postlarvaePublication . Xavier, Maria João; Navarro-Guillén, Carmen; Lopes, André; Colen, R.; Teodósio, Rita; Mendes, Rodrigo; Oliveira, Beatriz; Valente, Luisa M.P.; Conceição, Luís E.C.; Engrola, SofiaAn imbalance in the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species and other oxidants can disrupt a l l types of cellular compounds, and lead to a state of oxidative stress. Preventing this state is essential to improve growth and health in animal production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess i f the dieta r y supple-mentation of curcumin cou l d improve the antioxidant status and intestine structu r e and functionalit y of gilthead seabream postlarvae, with the global objective of improving fish growth performance and robustness. Two experimental diets supplemented with different doses of curcumin (LOW and HIGH diets), and a commercial diet were fed to quadruplicate groups of postlarvae, for 20 days. At the end of the feeding trial fish fed the supple-mented diets significantly improved their antioxidant status compared to CTRL fed fish. LOW and HIGH fed fish presented lower protein oxidative damage (P < 0.05) and higher total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). Moreover, postlarvae fed curcumin supplemented diets also presented an upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 - related factor 2 (nrf2) and glutathione-disulfide reductase (gr) in HIGH (P < 0.05) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in LOW treatments (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in growth performance, intestine morphome t r y , and digestive enzymes activities among treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dieta r y curcumin supplementation was able to enhance gilthead seabream postlarvae robustness through a modulation of the oxidative status, increasing total antioxidant capacity and decreasing protein oxidative damage. This data pro-vide evidence that curcumin can be a suitable feed additive to promote heath status and robustness of fish at early stages of development, therefore contributing for the development and sustainabilit y of marine fish hatchery production.
- Exploring the biotechnological value of marine invertebrates: a closer look at the biochemical and antioxidant properties of Sabella spallanzanii and Microcosmus squamigerPublication . Pan, Yu-Lun; Rodrigues, Maria João; Pereira, Catarina; Engrola, Sofia; Colen, R.; Mansinhos, Inês; Romano, Anabela; Andrade, Paula B.; Fernandes, Fátima; Custódio, LuísaSabella spallanzanii and Microcosmus squamiger were profiled for proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids (FA), carotenoids, radical scavenging activity on the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and iron and copper chelating properties. Microcosmus squamiger had the highest level of moisture and crude protein, S. spallanzanii was enriched in crude fat and ash. Both species had similar levels of carbohydrates and energy. There was a prevalence of arginine and glycine in S. spallanzanii, and of taurine in M. squamiger. The most abundant minerals in both species were Na, Ca, and K. The methanol extract of S. spallanzanii had metal chelating properties towards copper and iron, while the methanol extract of M. squamiger was able to chelate copper. M. squamiger extracts had similar ORAC values. Fucoxanthinol and fucoxanthin were the major carotenoids in the M. squamiger dichloromethane extract. Saturated FA were more abundant than unsaturated ones in methanol extracts, and unsaturated FA prevailed in the dichloromethane extracts. Palmitic acid was the predominant FA in methanol extracts, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids were the major compounds in dichloromethane extracts. Low n-6/n-3 ratios were obtained. Our results suggests that both species could be explored as sources of bioactive ingredients with multiple applications.