Browsing by Author "Faustino, M."
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- Development of osteological structures in the sea bream Vertebral column and caudal fin complexPublication . Faustino, M.; Power, DeborahThe development of cartilaginous structures in cultured sea bream Sparus aurata larvae and the timing of their ossification was studied. In cultivated sea bream larvae the first cartilaginous structure to be identified was hypural 1 at 4·1 mm notochord length (LN). By 5·3 mm LN, prior to the onset of ossification, it was possible to distinguish the following cartilaginous structures: all 23 neural arches, all 13 haemal arches and two of the four pairs of parapophyses. The neural arches 1–4 and 15–23 were formed on the notochord and elongated dorsally, while neural arches 5–14 appeared on the dorsal side of the spinal cord and elongated ventrally. Initiation of ossification occurred at 5·7–6·0 mm standard length (LS) when the cartilaginous ontogeny of the vertebral column was completed. Ossification was coincident with dorsal flexion at the posterior end of the notochord and occurred in a sequential manner: (1) dorsoanteriorly, the cartilaginous neural arches and the centra were the first structures to ossify; (2) ventrad at the centre, at 7·0–7·5 mm LS; (3) posteriorly at 7·1 mm LS the hypural complex and urostyle (24th centrum) were ossified; and (4) dorsad at the centre (neural arches and spines).
- Development of the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins in cultured sea breamPublication . Faustino, M.; Power, DeborahThe pectoral fin girdle was the first element of the fins to develop in Sparus aurata. By 3·1mm LN (notochord length) the cleithrum was ossified and the cartilaginous caracoid–scapula was present. The fin was fully developed at 11·6 mm LS (standard length) and by 16·0 mm LS most elements of the fin were ossified. The pelvic fins were the last pair to develop and rudiments of these were first detected at 7·9 mm LS. The pelvic fin and girdle were completely formed and ossified at 16·0 mm LS. The development of dorsal and anal fins began at c. 6·5–7·0 mm LS with the formation of 10 cartilaginous dorsal proximal radials and eight cartilaginous ventral proximal radials. The three cartilaginous predorsals(supraneurals) appeared at 7·7 mm LS and the ossification of dorsal and anal proximal and distal radials began, respectively, at 10·5 mm LS and 11·3 mm LS. Ossified structures in the fins were also classified according to their origin, as being either dermal or endochondral. Finally the chronology of appearance of fin structures in S. aurata was compared with that reported for other Sparidae, Engraulidae and Haemulidae.
- Identification of bone gla protein during early development of Solea SenegalensisPublication . Gavaia, Paulo J.; Faustino, M.; Cancela, LeonorWith the objective of better understanding the calcification processus in the Sole (Solea senegalensis) we have followed the appearance of cartilage and bone structures during the sole early developmental stages (from hatching till 51 days post-Hatching-DPH) by a specific double labelling method (Alcin blue/Alizarin red).
- Osteologic development of the viscerocranial skeleton in sea bream A lternative ossification strategies in teleost fishPublication . Faustino, M.; Power, DeborahThe ontogeny of the viscerocranial skeleton of sea bream Sparus aurata larvae was studied from 1 to 90 days post-hatching. In the smallest specimens analysed at 2·7 mm LN no cephalic elements were present and at 3·1 mm LN the following cartilaginous structures were visible: trabecula cranii, auditory capsule, Meckel’s cartilage, quadrate, hyosymplectic cartilage, sclerotic, hypohyal, ceratohyal epihyal cartilage, interhyal, hypobranchial 1 and ceratobranchial 1. The only structure ossified at this size is the maxillary and the next ossified structures to appear are the preopercle and opercle at about 3·7 mm LN. The last bones to appear are infraorbital 2 and 6 at 15·1 mm LS. The first cartilaginous elements and structures to ossify in S. aurata appear to be related with functional requirements, so that structures involved directly in feeding and breathing generally appear and ossify before those that are not. The ontogeny of different regional structures revealed that generally the dermal bones ossify before the cartilage replacement bones. Comparison of S. aurata viscerocranial skeleton ontogeny with that of phylogenetically distant fish demonstrates that different ossification strategies exist in higher and lower teleost fish.
- Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fishPublication . Power, Deborah; Llewellyn, Lynda; Faustino, M.; Nowell, M. A.; Björnsson, Björn Thrandur; Einarsdóttir, Ingibjörg E.; Canario, Adelino V. M.; Sweeney, Glen E.The thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are products of the thyroid gland in all vertebrates. Their role in early development and metamorphosis is well established in mammals and amphibians, respectively, and recently several studies in fish have highlighted the importance of THs during flatfish metamorphosis. THs are present in high quantities in fish eggs and are presumably of maternal origin. During embryogenesis the concentration of T4 and T3 in the eggs decrease until endogenous production starts. Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) have been isolated from several teleosts and in common with tetrapods two receptor isoforms have been identified, TRα and TRβ. Both the receptors are expressed in early embryos and larvae of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), zebrafish (Danio rerio) and seabream (Sparus aurata) although a different temporal pattern is apparent. The role of THs and TRs in fish embryogenesis, larval development and during metamorphosis will be discussed.
- Thyroid hormones in sea bream larval developmentPublication . Power, Deborah; Llewellyn, Lynda; Faustino, M.; Nowell, M. A.; Björnsson, Björn Thrandur; Einarsdóttir, Ingibjörg E.; Canario, Adelino V. M.; Sweeney, Glen E.The thyroid hormones (TH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are a product of the thyroid gland in all vertebrates. The hormones are pluripotent and in vertebrates are involved in growth, differentiation, metamorphosis, reproduction and metabolism. THs are secreted from the thyroid gland, circulate bound to thyroid hormone-binding proteins and exert their biological effects by binding to specific nuclear receptors which then act directly on target genes. Studies into the role of TH in early development and metamorphosis are largely restricted to mammals and amphibians, although recently several studies in fish have established the importance of TH during flatfish metamorphosis. The involvement of TH during early dovelopment in fish is uncertain although eggs contain significant quantities of THs presumably derived from broodstock.