Percorrer por autor "Monteiro, Patrícia"
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- Archery technology in the neolithic: management of the mediterranean mixed forest and woodworking activities at La Marmotta (Italy)Publication . L, Caruso Fermé; Monteiro, Patrícia; V, Brizzi; M, Mineo; G, Remolins; N, Mazzucco; B, Morell; F, Gibaja J.Although Neolithic communities were characterized by an agricultural economy, the presence of bows in their archaeological record demonstrates the persistence of hunting activities. At La Marmotta, an underwater Early Neolithic site located in Lake Bracciano (Anguillara Sabazia, Italy), a considerable assemblage of preserved wooden tools was discovered some of them related to hunting activities demonstrating their reliance on woodland resources for technological purposes. Since wood was the main raw material for ancient bows, understanding how it was exploited is fundamental for reconstructing archery technology in prehistory. Here, we present the archaeobotanical analyses of 19 wooden bows found in La Marmotta. Taxonomic analysis identified the wood used as Carpinus sp. (9), Viburnum lantana (6), Alnus sp. (1), Cornus sp. (1), Fraxinus sp. (1), and evergreen Quercus sp. (1). The mechanical properties of these species are compatible with the crafting and use of bows although they are not the most usual wood, as shown by the archaeological record of Neolithic bows. This taxonomic diversity suggests that there was not a specific selection of wood based on mechanical/physical properties, which is coherent with La Marmotta wood acquisition modalities for the production of other tools and structures.
- EcoPLis a pré-história no Rio Lis, da serra ao AtlânticoPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, Trenton; Paixão, Eduardo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Évora, Marina; Marreiros, Joao; Assis, Sandra; Nora, David; Matias, Roxane; Simões, CarlosOur research focuses on the use of valleys that link the inland to the coast during Prehistory. Traditionally, research has studied rivers, coast and inland as separate landscapes, but the major characteristic of hunter-gatherers was mobility. In order to understand and reconstruct the evolution of human behaviour, our main goal is to answer the questions: “How, why and when did people circulate between these different ecological landscapes?” and “What was the impact of the major climatic shifts on that mobility?” To answer these questions our archaeological project includes survey, testing, and the excavation of archaeological sites, using high-resolution field and laboratory methodologies in order to contribute significantly to the understanding of ecological behaviour of Prehistoric populations, including extinct human species such as Neanderthals.
- Evidence of specialized resource exploitation by Modern Humans in Western Iberia associated to Pleistocene and Holocene extreme environmental conditionsPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Paixão, Eduardo; Nora, David; Évora, Marina; Simões, Carlos; Detry, Cleia; Assis, Sandra; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, TrentonThroughout prehistory, landscapes were repeatedly subjected to both global and localized climatic fluctuations that changed the regional environments where human groups lived. This instability demanded constant adap-tation and, as a result, the functionality of some sites changed over time. In this light, the western coast of Iberia represents an exceptional case study due to the proximity between at least some oceanic cores and archaeological sites, which should facilitate an accurate reconstruction of the re-lationships between paleoenvironmental conditions and the coeval patterns of human behavior. This region, and in particular the valley of the River Lis, is marked by wide exposed plateaus cut by narrow and deep canyons. In this paper we present the stratigraphic, archaeometric, technological and archaeobotanical record of Pogo Rock Shelter, located in one of these canyons, which hints at the human responses to such changes, and discuss the link between its Solutrean and Epipaleolithic occupations to specific activities. During the coldest part of the Last Glacial Maximum, we hypothesize that there was intensive exploitation of a chert outcrop above the roof to produce blades and Solutrean tips. Later, during Bond Event 6, after that outcrop had been exhausted, there was intensive consumption of shellfish gathered between the mouth of the canyon and the sea. We hypothesize that these strikingly different roles demonstrate how hunter-gatherers adapted to local conditions, and exploited specific resources, promising to provide a better understanding about its functional role during specific extreme climate events.
- Neolithic landscape and firewood use: charcoal analysis of domestic and funerary contexts at La Dehesilla (Andalusia, Spain)Publication . Taylor, Ruth; Monteiro, Patrícia; García-Rivero, DanielCueva de la Dehesilla, a cave in the province of C & aacute;diz in southern Spain, was occupied throughout the Neolithic in the 6th to 4th millennia bce. Within this sequence, recent archaeological excavations have identified stratigraphic levels and contexts belonging to domestic and funerary activities dated to the Early, Middle and Late Neolithic periods. In this paper, we present the results of the wood charcoal remains from excavation areas C003, C005 and C006. The results are consistent with the Mediterranean taxa identified from other sites throughout the region and confirm the use of a wide range of woodland resources: Arbutus unedo, cf. Artemisia sp., Erica arborea, Ericaceae, Fraxinus sp., Juniperus sp., Olea europaea var. sylvestris/cf. Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Pinus pinea/pinaster, Pinus sp., Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus (deciduous and evergreen), Rhamnus/Phillyrea, monocotyledon and indeterminate angiosperm and gymnosperm taxa. The widest range of taxa, including trees, is from the Early Neolithic to early Middle Neolithic remains. The diversity of taxa decreases notably in the late Middle Neolithic and Late Neolithic, and becomes mainly shrubs. This pattern is consistent with the modification of the landscape as a result of woodland clearance, previously suggested by the pollen analyses at the site, and documented on a wider scale throughout the region. The procurement of firewood around La Dehesilla appears to have been opportunistic and conditioned by the resources that were available in the immediate landscape. At present, there is mixed evidence for the influence of good burning quality on the choice of fuel, as is illustrated by the concentrated charcoal remains found in particular domestic and ritual funerary contexts.
- New upper palaeolithic rock art complex in the Tejo Valley, Central PortugalPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Garcês, Sara; Danelatos, Dionysios; Giraldo, Hipólito Collado; Nash, George H.; Adewumi, Opeyemi L.; Gomes, Hugo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Oosterbeek, LuizThis short report presents newly discovered Palaeolithic rock art panels within the Ocreza Valley (Lower Tejo River), central Portugal, comprising several engraved zoomorphic figures, including auroch and horse. Together, they substantially increase upon the previous headless horse found in 2000, and the style of the engravings is identical to Upper Palaeolithic open-air engravings from other areas of western Iberia, including the C & ocirc;a, Sabor, Tua, Siega Verde, La Salud, Z & ecirc;zere valleys, and Vale Boi. Currently, no clear deposits with Upper Palaeolithic artefacts have been identified over and next to the newly discovered rock. However, these discoveries indicate the occupation of Ocreza Valley during the Upper Palaeolithic and a possible concentration of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in this area of the Tejo Valley, yet to be established. If confirmed by future fieldwork, such Palaeolithic rock art may be overlapping the territory of an already-known Holocene-dated Tejo Rock Art Complex.