Browsing by Author "Pechorro, Pedro"
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- Análise psicométrica das escalas de defensividade e validade do Weinberger Adjustment InventoryPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Nunes, Cristina; Paulino, Mauro; R. Simões, MárioO presente artigo tem como principal objetivo examinar as propriedades psicométricas das escalas de defensividade e de validade do Inventário de Ajustamento de Weinberger (Weinberger Adjustment Inventory - WAI) numa amostra de jovens adultos portugueses (N=610, M=21.33 anos, DP=3.09) provenientes de meio universitário. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram a presença de uma estrutura tridimensional com um bom ajustamento. As escalas de defensividade e de validade do WAI demonstraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas, nomeadamente ao nível de fiabilidade e de validade convergente, discriminante e de critério. Tais resultados apoiam a utilização das escalas de defensividade e validade do WAI na investigação e avaliação psicológica de jovens adultos portugueses.
- Confirmatory analysis of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) short form in a portuguese samplePublication . Martins, Cátia; Ayala Nunes, Lara; Nunes, Cristina; Pechorro, Pedro; Costa, Emília; Matos, FilomenaAn important research field in family studies relates to the role parenting practices can have on several domains of children's development. Regarding to parenting styles, it was Baumrind's conceptualization that was responsible for a relevant research boost in this area. She proposed a model contemplating three different styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. The aim of our study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency and others psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). The participants were 424 parents (mainly mothers, 81.2%) from Algarve (South of Portugal), that answered to PSDQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The instrument comprises 32 items: 12 questions regarding the authoritative style, 15 questions regarding the authoritarian style, and 5 questions regarding the permissive style. Several competing models (i.e., one and three-factorial, and another where latent variables were organized in a 1st and 2nd order factors) were tested in regards to PSDQ factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis. A fourth model, contemplating inter-correlations between item 7 and 8 was also proposed, which showed adequate fit and internal consistency. These findings support the PSDQ original structure. Implications concerning the use and contributes to social and emotional child' adjustment are discussed.
- Confirmatory factor analysis of the antisocial process screening device: self-report among incarcerated male juvenile offendersPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Hidalgo, Victoria; Nunes, Cristina; Jimenez, LuciaThe main aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and some additional psychometric properties of the Antisocial Process Screening Device-Self-Report (APSD-SR) among a large forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders (N = 438). The results, based on this forensic sample, support the use of the APSD-SR in terms of its factor structure, and internal consistency despite the fact an item had to be removed from the callous-unemotional (CU) dimension. Statistically significant positive associations were found with measures of psychopathic traits, CU traits, narcissism, and aggression, as well as negative associations with a measure of empathy. Findings provide support for the use of the APSD-SR among the incarcerated male juvenile offender population.
- Dark triad psychopathy outperforms self-control in predicting antisocial outcomes: a structural equation modeling approachseabreamPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Curtis, Shelby; DeLisi, Matt; Maroco, João; Nunes, CristinaDark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. The purpose of the present study is to concurrently compare how Dark Triad traits and self-control differ in terms of predicting self-reported juvenile delinquency, CD symptoms, proactive overt aggression, and crime seriousness. The sample consisted of 567 (M = 15.91 years, SD = 0.99 years, age range = 14–18 years) Southern European youth from Portugal. Structural-equation-modelling procedures revealed that the psychopathy factor of Dark Triad traits presented the strongest significant hypothetical causal associations with the antisocial/criminal outcomes, followed by self-control. Machiavellianism and narcissism presented the lowest causal associations. Our findings indicate that psychopathy, as operationalized in the Dark Triad, concurrently surpasses self-control and the remaining factors of the Dark Triad in terms of predicting antisocial/criminal outcomes in youth. This suggests that behavioral disinhibition, or a core incapacity to regulate one’s conduct, is central for understanding delinquency and externalizing psychopathology. Comparatively, the interpersonal component of dark personality features, such as Machiavellianism and narcissism, are secondary for understanding crime.
- Examination of the SUPPS-P impulsive behavior scale among male and female youth: Psychometrics and invariancePublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Revilla, Rebecca; Palma, Victor Hugo; Nunes, Cristina; Martins, Cátia; Cyders, Melissa A.The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale is one of the most used and easily administered self-report measures of impulsive traits. The main objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the shorter SUPPS-P scale among a school sample of 470 youth (Mage = 15.89 years, SD = 1.00) from Portugal, subdivided into males (n = 257, Mage = 15.97 years, SD = 0.98) and females (n = 213, Mage = 15.79 years, SD = 1.03). Confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the latent five-factor structure (i.e., Negative urgency, Lack of perseverance, Lack of premeditation, Sensation seeking, and Positive urgency) obtained adequate fit and strong measurement invariance demonstrated across sex. The SUPPS-P scale also demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, discriminant and convergent (e.g., with measures of youth delinquency, aggression) validities, and criterion-related validity (e.g., with crime seriousness). Findings support the use of the SUPPS-P scale in youth. Given the importance of adolescence as a critical period characterized by increases in impulsive behaviors, having a short, valid, reliable, and easily administered assessment of impulsive tendencies is important and clinically impactful.
- Examination of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory—short form among Portuguese young adults: psychometrics and measurement invariancePublication . Pechorro, Pedro; DeLisi, Matt; Freitas, Andreia; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Nunes, CristinaThe Weinberger Adjustment Inventory-Short Form (WAI-SF) is a multidimensional measure of behavioral adjustment frequently used with forensic, clinical, and community populations. However, no previous studies have examined the WAI-SF from a more modern psychometric perspective including second-order models, measurement invariance and a better estimation of reliability. The current sample is composed of female and male young adults (N = 610, M = 21.33 years, SD = 3.09, range = 18-37) from a university context in Portugal. Results indicated that both the four-factor intercorrelated and the four-factor second order models of the WAI-SF Distress and Restraint scales showed good fits. The WAI-SF Distress and Restraint scales were negatively and significantly correlated, and the intercorrelations between the subscales of each scale ranged from moderate to high. The WAI-SF scales and subscales mostly showed adequate to good reliability in terms of McDonald's Omega and the more traditional Cronbach's Alpha. Strong cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated, with females scoring significantly higher than males on the Anxiety subscale of the Distress scale, and on the Suppression of Aggression, Impulse Control, Consideration of Others, Responsibility subscales, and Restraint scale. The WAI-SF scales and subscales showed distinctive correlates with other measures (e.g., low self-control, psychopathy) and variables (e.g., delinquency seriousness, substance use). Considering our findings, the use of the WAI-SF is recommended among the Portuguese young adult population and its use in criminological research is encouraged.
- Parenting Alliance Inventory: psychometric properties and invariance among a community and at-risk sample of Portuguese parentsPublication . Nunes, Cristina; Ayala-Nunes, Lara; Martins, Cátia; Pechorro, Pedro; Ferreira, Laura InêsThe existing alliance between the two caregivers is a key dimension for understanding the family context, as it affects parental behavior and children's development. The assessment of this construct becomes even more pressing in at-risk families, where the children's well-being may be compromised and where the parental alliance may serve as a protective factor. The Parental Alliance Inventory (PAI) is a self-report measure that assesses the parental alliance and the relationship of support and trust that exists between both parents. In this study, we intended to explore the psychometric properties of PAI in the Portuguese population, including normative and at-risk families. Participants were community parents (n = 205, M = 38.38 years; 52.2% women) and parents of Child Welfare Services (CWS) referred children (n = 273, M = 37.05 years, 82.05% women). Both samples completed the PAI and measures of parenting sense of competence, parenting stress, and marital satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the proposed original unidimensional structure of the PAI. The instrument showed good psychometric properties, presenting levels of internal consistency and a quite satisfactory reliability. Findings also showed that PAI was measurement invariant across the two subsamples. Our findings provide evidence for psychometric soundness of the PAI and support its usefulness for the European Portuguese context.
- Parenting sense of competence: Psychometrics and invariance among a community and an At-Risk Samples of Portuguese ParentsPublication . Nunes, Cristina; Ayala-Nunes, Lara; Ferreira, Laura Inês; Pechorro, Pedro; Freitas, Délia; Martins, Cátia; Santos, RitaParenting sense of competence (PSC) is a cognitive and emotional construct that refers to the judgments that parents hold about their abilities as caregivers. It also includes parents’ beliefs about their capacity to positively influence their children’s development and their satisfaction with the parenting role [1–3]. This construct has been widely studied and is a relevant dimension for the assessment and understanding of family dynamics. Parenting sense of competence has been associated to several family dimensions, such as marital relationship and family functioning [2,4,5]. For instance, mothers’ sense of competence has been positively linked to coparenting support [6], and a reciprocal relationship between perceived parental competence and marital stress over a 6-year interval has been reported for both mothers and fathers [7]. It is especially important to assess this construct in families who are at psychosocial risk [8–12]—i.e., families that have difficulties in adequately meeting children’s needs but not severely enough to require children’s placement in foster care [13]. This is because research has suggested indirect relationships between PSC and potential for child abuse [14] and maltreatment [15]. Similarly, PSC is thought to be a protective factor for negative outcomes, buffering the impact of risk factors such as maternal depression, children’s difficult temperament, and disadvantaged environments [16,17].
- Portuguese validation of the brief peer conflict scale: Validity, reliability and invariance across genderPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Hayes, Nicole; Goncalves, Mariana; Palma, Victor Hugo; Goncalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Marsee, MonicaAggression is a multidimensional construct comprised of different forms and functions, the assessment of which has important implications for understanding externalizing problems in male and female youth. The main aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of a form and function aggression measure, the Brief Peer Conflict Scale 20 (PCS-20) among a community sample of youth (N = 470,M = 15.89 years,SD = 1.00 years) from Portugal, divided into females (n = 213) and males (n = 257). The original four-factor latent structure of the PCS-20 obtained an adequate fit using confirmatory factor analysis, and strong cross gender invariance was demonstrated. The PCS-20 also demonstrated adequate reliability (measured by the Omega and Alpha coefficients), convergent and discriminant validities, criterion validity, and known-groups validity. Our findings support the use of the PCS-20 among Portuguese juveniles as a short measure of the forms and functions of aggression.
- Propensity to morally disengage scale: psychometric properties and measurement invariance among a portuguese samplePublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Bonfá-Araujo, Bruno; Simões, Mário R.; Nunes, Cristina; DeLisi, MattThe propensity to morally disengage can be an essential driver of unethical, antisocial, and criminal behavior. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the Propensity to Morally Disengage Scale (PMDS) among a convenience sample of 242 male and female participants (M = 30.19 years, SD = 12.78, range = 16-77) from Portugal. The expected one-factor structure obtained an adequate fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency/reliability was adequate as measured by the alpha and omega coefficients. Convergent validity (i.e. with dark traits, low self-control, violence evaluation, and antisociality/criminality tendencies measures), divergent validity (i.e. with basic empathy and light traits of personality measures), and criterion-related validity (e.g. with trouble with the law, arrested by police, sentenced to prison variables) were demonstrated with Pearson and point-biserial correlations. Measurement invariance across gender was established. Significant gender differences in the PMDS scores were found, with males scoring significantly higher than females. Our findings support using the PMDS Portuguese version as a short, valid, and reliable measure of moral disengagement.
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