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Browsing ICR4-Vários by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Humanidades::História e Arqueologia"
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- Antes da Arqueologia. As antas no imaginário popular e erudito do povo portuguêsPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Mataloto, Rui;Os autores abordam a importância das antas no imaginário popular e erudito das comunidades portuguesas, muito anterior ao reconhecimento da sua relevância científica e valor arqueológico. Essa importância é evidenciada na toponímia antiga, onde abundam termos derivados da estrutura dos monumentos megalíticos ou dos montículos que, por vezes, ainda os cobriam. São sublinhadas as primeiras publicações científicas dedicadas ao tema, onde se destaca o pioneirismo de Francisco Pereira da Costa, que em 1868 descreve os resultados de escavações realizadas em antas na região de Castelo de Vide.
- A arqueologia no Museu Geológico do LNEG – LisboaPublication . Cardoso, João LuisThe archaeological activity of the current National Energy and Geology Laboratory (LNEG), the legitimate heir to a long and prestigious scientific tradition, dates back to 1857, the year in which the 2nd Geological Commission of Portugal was founded. From the very beginning, it took on the research of one of the most controversial issues that filled the debates of scientific societies throughout the second half of the 19th century: the demonstration of the antiquity of the human species, which was then one of the main concerns of Western science. Today, in addition to the explanatory news of the Geological Map of Portugal at a scale of 1/50,000, where archaeology continues to be represented, the Institution's activity in the field of Archaeology continues to be relevant, supporting the research work carried out at the Museum, which continues to be highly sought after by national and foreign specialists, as well as by students at various levels of education and the general public.
- Carlos Ribeiro (1813–1882) e os reconhecimentos geológicos e hidrogeológicos realizados no âmbito do abastecimento de água a Lisboa, a propósito de um documento inéditoPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Ribeiro, Maria Manuela SimõesApresentam-se novos elementos sobre as investigações de Carlos Ribeiro (1813–1882), enquanto geólogo do recém-criado Ministério das Obras Públicas, relativas à avaliação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos destinados ao reforço do abastecimento de água a Lisboa, cuja escassez, em meados do século XIX, exigia novas captações. Destacam-se as observações geológicas realizadas em 1856 nas imediações da cidade, registadas em três cadernos com notas, desenhos e observações geológicas e hidrogeológicas inéditas, que serviram de base à monografia publicada pela Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa em 1857, ano da criação da Segunda Comissão Geológica de Portugal, da qual Ribeiro foi codiretor com Francisco Pereira da Costa. Pioneiro na aplicação da ciência à resolução de problemas públicos, Carlos Ribeiro é considerado o fundador da Hidrogeologia portuguesa, comparável aos melhores da sua época. O trabalho de campo de 1856 permitiu inventariar poços e nascentes, medir caudais, propor obras hidráulicas para reforço do Aqueduto das Águas Livres e cartografar formações geológicas relevantes para a identificação e aproveitamento das camadas aquíferas. Este estudo constitui um notável exemplo da utilização do conhecimento científico em prol do bem comum, antecipando princípios fundamentais da gestão sustentável da água.
- Um caso de estudo na pré-história da cidade de Lisboa: o celeiro da Travessa das Dores e os campos de cultivo do Rio SecoPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, PauloThe Neo-Chalcolithic site of Travessa das Dores is the first to be recognised in the urban area of Lisbon with prehistoric storage and defence structures, closely interconnected, constituting without doubt the most important vestige of the settlement of that period studied to date. To increase the scientific importance of this site, a large adjacent area, called Rio Seco, was identified and excavated a few years later, in which, among others, several large dry stone walls were identified, some rectilinear, others arched, indicating the existence of boundary walls or supporting walls for agricultural plots, whose presence is justified by the basaltic soils present locally, of high agricultural suitability. Therefore, while Travessa das Dores was the storage site, Rio Seco was the site of the respective agricultural productions, thus constituting evidence, until now unknown in portuguese and even international archaeology, of the direct relationship between these two realities, relating to a single prehistoric community, based there in the transition from the fourth to the third millennium BC.
- Castelos pré-históricos no Baixo Tejo e no Litoral Atlântico: consequências da intensificação económica e da competição social do 3.º milénio a.C.Publication . Cardoso, João LuisIn Estremadura, there are three major Chalcolithic fortified settlements, which are also those that have been studied for the longest time. Although they adopted common architectural solutions, they evolved independently, starting with the need to adapt to the natural geomorphological conditions prevailing in each case. Leceia, Zambujal and Vila Nova de São Pedro are clear examples of how, in Lower Estremadura, during the Chalcolithic, the traditional concepts of “fortification”, “interaction” and “economic intensification” were strongly interdependent: although there could be interaction and economic intensification without fortification, the reverse does not seem possible for the period and region in question, as clearly is provd by the archaeological evidence.
- As comunidades do pós-glaciário do vale do Tejo: um exemplo de adaptação de sucesso às alterações climáticasPublication . Gonçalves, Célia; Cardoso, João LuisThe Muge shell middens, located approximately 60 kilometers upstream from the current Tagus estuary, are an important testament to the adaptive capacity of human communities to the climate changes that occurred at the beginning of the Holocene, about 11,700 years ago, a period that marked the end of the last great glaciation. Recent studies indicate that, about 8,000 years ago, these estuarine areas were already partially flooded by the sea, like the Tagus estuary, creating humid environments rich in natural resources, including fish, molluscs and a great diversity of terrestrial fauna. These conditions attracted groups of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, who began to intensively exploit these resources.
- Contributo para o corpus artefactual metálico do Bronze Final em território português: a pregariaPublication . Melo, Ana Ávila; Cardoso, João LuisIn this article the authors present for the first time two types of nails with long stems from two Late Bronze Age sites in Estremadura, western Portugal. More recently another nail with long stem and a gold conic head was found in a site in southern Portugal of the same age. The rarity of this type of artifacts justified its characterization, which has now been realized.
- Os dois episódios de utilização da anta do Alto da Feteira (Pombal, Leiria) e o Megalitismo no litoral‑centro do território português, entre o Neolítico Médio e o Neolítico FinalPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Andrade, Marco AntónioThe dolmen of Alto da Feteira (municipality of Pombal, district of Leiria) corresponds to a megalithic tomb built using local limestone slabs, identified and excavated in the 1960s by Luís de Albuquerque e Castro and Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, having provided a votive set indicating two probable use phases: a first one, relating to the Middle Neolithic, characterized by the presence of geometric armatures, small unretouched flint blades and bladelets, bracelets on Glycymeris valve and probably polished stone tools in sillimanite; a second one, already related to the Late Neolithic (which may extend to the Early Chalcolithic), characterized by the presence of arrowheads, halberds, large retouched flint blades, pottery (including carinated bowls), sandstone and greywacke plaques and adornment elements (including bone pins with channelled head and «green stone» and lignite beads). For this last phase, radiocarbon dating is available, centred on the last third of the 4th millennium BC (median probability: 3210 cal BCE 2σ; mean: 3243 cal BCE 2σ). This paper intends to present the integrated study of this monument, describing two use moments immediately succeeding in Time, framing it in the context of Megalithism in the coastal centre of the Portuguese territory (between the northern edges of the Estremadura Limestone Massif and the lower course of the Mondego River), and in the evolutionary levels of the megalithic phenomenon in Western Iberia, between the Middle Neolithic and the Late Neolithic.
- «Estradas que caminham»: o rio tejo, palco de encontros no ano mil antes de CristoPublication . Vilaça, Raquel; Cardoso, João LuisFrom the border, when it enters Portuguese territory, to the estuary area, the Tagus is approximately 230 km long. Upstream, in its international stretch, it is a river that runs narrowly and embedded in the plateaus of the Hesperic Massif, while downstream, after the mouth of the Zêzere, it becomes a plain river, entering the Cenozoic Basin and ending in a wide inland estuary near Lisbon. For the period in question, between the 13th and 9th centuries BC, the characteristics of the river were different: the ancient Tagus estuary was wider and deeper, as a result of less silting, which began in Mesolithic times and has not stopped until today. The communities, fully hierarchical and through their elites, established contacts, traveled, produced and exchanged goods of various natures, which circulated between sometimes very distant regions. It is in this particular case that it makes perfect sense to look at the river as a true “road that walks”.
- Estratégias alimentares dos animais domésticos do povoado de Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) durante a transição do 4.º para o 3.º milénio a.C.: uma abordagem a partir dos isótopos estáveisPublication . Navarrete, Vanessa; Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Detry, Cleia; Curto, Ana; Waterman, Anna J.; Wright, Elizabeth; Maurer, Anne‑FranceIn this article, we analyse faunal samples from the Late Neolithic (Layer 4) and Early Chalcolithic (Layer 3) levels of the fortified settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) in order to understand the management of the feeding of domestic animals recovered in these excavations. Through the analyses of stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in bone collagen, we aim to characterise the grazing systems and the maintenance strategies of the livestock that were consumed and raised in Leceia, in an attempt to obtain a further perspective on the economic complexity of the fortified settlements that emerged during the 3rd millennium in Portuguese Extremadura. The results show the possible use of forage to feed the animals and also seem to indicate the use of fertilised fields. This demonstrates that animal production is already based on intentional practices of animal and land management, as well as on complex exchange networks.
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