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Browsing ICR4-Vários by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Humanidades::História e Arqueologia"
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- Antes da Arqueologia. As antas no imaginário popular e erudito do povo portuguêsPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Mataloto, Rui;Os autores abordam a importância das antas no imaginário popular e erudito das comunidades portuguesas, muito anterior ao reconhecimento da sua relevância científica e valor arqueológico. Essa importância é evidenciada na toponímia antiga, onde abundam termos derivados da estrutura dos monumentos megalíticos ou dos montículos que, por vezes, ainda os cobriam. São sublinhadas as primeiras publicações científicas dedicadas ao tema, onde se destaca o pioneirismo de Francisco Pereira da Costa, que em 1868 descreve os resultados de escavações realizadas em antas na região de Castelo de Vide.
- Contributo para o corpus artefactual metálico do Bronze Final em território português: a pregariaPublication . Ávila Melo, Ana; Cardoso, João LuisIn this article the authors present for the first time two types of nails with long stems from two Late Bronze Age sites in Estremadura, western Portugal. More recently another nail with long stem and a gold conic head was found in a site in southern Portugal of the same age. The rarity of this type of artifacts justified its characterization, which has now been realized.
- Os dois episódios de utilização da anta do Alto da Feteira (Pombal, Leiria) e o Megalitismo no litoral‑centro do território português, entre o Neolítico Médio e o Neolítico FinalPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Andrade, Marco AntónioThe dolmen of Alto da Feteira (municipality of Pombal, district of Leiria) corresponds to a megalithic tomb built using local limestone slabs, identified and excavated in the 1960s by Luís de Albuquerque e Castro and Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, having provided a votive set indicating two probable use phases: a first one, relating to the Middle Neolithic, characterized by the presence of geometric armatures, small unretouched flint blades and bladelets, bracelets on Glycymeris valve and probably polished stone tools in sillimanite; a second one, already related to the Late Neolithic (which may extend to the Early Chalcolithic), characterized by the presence of arrowheads, halberds, large retouched flint blades, pottery (including carinated bowls), sandstone and greywacke plaques and adornment elements (including bone pins with channelled head and «green stone» and lignite beads). For this last phase, radiocarbon dating is available, centred on the last third of the 4th millennium BC (median probability: 3210 cal BCE 2σ; mean: 3243 cal BCE 2σ). This paper intends to present the integrated study of this monument, describing two use moments immediately succeeding in Time, framing it in the context of Megalithism in the coastal centre of the Portuguese territory (between the northern edges of the Estremadura Limestone Massif and the lower course of the Mondego River), and in the evolutionary levels of the megalithic phenomenon in Western Iberia, between the Middle Neolithic and the Late Neolithic.
- Estratégias alimentares dos animais domésticos do povoado de Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) durante a transição do 4.º para o 3.º milénio a.C.: uma abordagem a partir dos isótopos estáveisPublication . Navarrete, Vanessa; Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Detry, Cleia; Curto, Ana; Waterman, Anna J.; Wright, Elizabeth; Maurer, Anne‑FranceIn this article, we analyse faunal samples from the Late Neolithic (Layer 4) and Early Chalcolithic (Layer 3) levels of the fortified settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) in order to understand the management of the feeding of domestic animals recovered in these excavations. Through the analyses of stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in bone collagen, we aim to characterise the grazing systems and the maintenance strategies of the livestock that were consumed and raised in Leceia, in an attempt to obtain a further perspective on the economic complexity of the fortified settlements that emerged during the 3rd millennium in Portuguese Extremadura. The results show the possible use of forage to feed the animals and also seem to indicate the use of fertilised fields. This demonstrates that animal production is already based on intentional practices of animal and land management, as well as on complex exchange networks.
- Estruturas de combustão identificadas no povoado pré-histórico de Leceia (Oeiras)Publication . Cardoso, João LuisAll combustion structures identified in the prehistoric settlement of Leceia (Oeiras) are inventoried, distributed across a vast chronology corresponding to the Late Neolithic (ca. 3400-2900 BC), the Early Chalcolithic (ca. 2800-2500 BC) and the Full/Late Chalcolithic. (ca. 2500-2000 BC). The remarkable number of identified combustion structures, which reaches twenty-five, despite the general analogy between them, which is explained by the similarity of functions, allowed the identification of eight variants, duly characterized. This is the first contribution dedicated to the systematic study of combustion structures existing in a large prehistoric settlement in Portuguese territory.
- Estudo dos mamíferos da ocupação fenícia (século IX a.C.) de La Rebanadilla (Málaga): um primeiro contributoPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Sánchez, Vicente Marcos; Martins, Filipe; Galindo, Lorenzo; Calvo, Francisco J. Núñez; Martín, Alfredo Mederos; Padilla, José Suárez; Serrano, Bartolomé Mora; Córdoba, Emilio MartínNeste artigo estudam-se os restos faunísticos da primeira fase urbana da ocupação fenícia de La Rebanadilla (Málaga), correspondendo à Fase IV, dos finais do séc. IX a.C., provenientes de um conjunto de fossas escavadas no substrato natural. Observou-se claro predomínio de animais domésticos, representados, por ordem decrescente, pelos caprinos (ovelhas e cabras) e boi doméstico. Residualmente identificaram-se outros animais de grande, médio e pequeno porte: porco/javali, auroque, cavalo e coelho. Foram observadas acções antrópicas, tais como marcas de corte e vestígios de fogo bem como outras modificações presentes na superfície dos ossos. A comparação destes resultados faunísticos com os obtidos em outras estações arqueológicas da mesma época evidencia o domínio dos animais domésticos na economia destas populações, e consequentemente o escasso aproveitamento dos recursos cinegéticos, revelador de comunidades estáveis e complexas, com uma economia de produção especializada.
- Estudo petroarqueológico de proveniência de materiais siliciosos de Leceia, Barotas e Monte do Castelo (Oeiras, Portugal)Publication . Jordão, Patrícia; Cardoso, João Luis; João LuísThe aim of this petroarchaeological study was to identify, from a diachronic perspective, between the Late Neolithic and the Middle/Late Chalcolithic, the types of flint used for the manufacture of lithic products in the prehistoric settlement of Leceia, based on the remains found during excavations carried out between 1983 and 2002, and the types of flint observed in the two workshops located in the vicinity of Leceia – Monte do Castelo and Barotas. The construction of a local geological reference of flint has contributed to a more detailed knowledge of the siliceous microfacies of the Bica Formation (Cenomanian) on the Lisbon Peninsula. The correlation of flint samples from archaeological materials with the raw material from potential supply areas, at local and regional level, made it possible to configure a territory of direct supply of flint, collected in local source areas, in primary and secondary formations (alluvium of the Barcarena stream), and also in the form of debitage products produced in Barotas and Monte do Castelo. Leceia would have played a role as an aggregation site, especially from the Early Chalcolithic onwards, with influence on the specialised sites of Barotas and Monte do Castelo, which would have operated in its dependency. In addition to local networks, regional supply networks have been identified, both to the north‑northeast and to the south‑southeast of the peninsula, where finished objects – blades and/or arrowheads – circulated and arrived at Leceia, probably in exchange for local raw materials. Leceia’s involvement in long‑distance exchange networks is confirmed by the presence of exogenous objects, such as oolitic flint blades from Andalusia.
- Gruta artificial de S. Paulo II (Almada)Publication . Cardoso, João Luis; Martins, Filipe; Soares, António M. MongeExcavations carried out under the auspices of the Almada City Council, between 1989 and 1991 in the churchyard of S. Paulo, within the urban area of the city of Almada, led to the identification of what remains of an artificial cave, excavated in carbonate sediments of the Miocene, of which the burial chamber and a small section of the corridor adjacent to it were completely explored. The excavations led to the collection of a copious archaeological collection, associated with around 250 burials, carried out there throughout almost the entire 3rd millennium BC, whose broad diachrony is confirmed by the radiocarbon dating carried out and by the typology of the archaeological materials, which remained to be studied. Unfortunately, the intense disturbances produced in the cave at different times, which reached its totality, since perhaps the Iron Age, and which saw notable additions in the modern and contemporary periods through the installation of a cemetery on the site, made the discussion of the results based on stratigraphy unfeasible. Based on the cross-referencing of information from the 22 radiocarbon dates carried out within the scope of this work on human left calcaneums, with the results of the study of the archaeological remains, preserved in the Museum of Almada, it was possible to conclude that the funerary use of the cave knew three distinct and well-characterized chrono-cultural phases. The first phase dates back to the end of the Late Neolithic, in the transition from the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC, being represented by only a unique deposition. The second phase of the cave’s funerary use covers the entire first half of the 3rd millennium BC, and includes an important set of vessels (cups and bowls), of excellent finish, displaying the typical fluted decoration, characteristic of the Early Chalcolithic of Estremadura. Finally, the third phase of prehistoric use of the cave, in clear continuity with the previous one, corresponds to almost the entire second half of the 3rd millennium BC, and is illustrated by the magnificent bell‑shaped ceramic productions recovered, which constitute one of the most remarkable sets published from Portuguese territory to date, both in terms of quantity and diversity and quality of productions.
- José Pires Gonçalves: um médico no “paraíso megalítico” de Reguengos de MonsarazPublication . Cardoso, João LuisArtigo dedicado à evocação de José Pires Gonçalves (1908-1984), médico de formação que dedicou boa parte do seu tempo à investigação da História e do Património artístico e arqueológico da região de Reguengos de Monsaraz. No plano da Arqueologia, a sua atenção centrou-se essencialmente nos menires, antas e cromeleques do Alentejo, num trabalho militante, esforçado, consequente e, sobretudo, desinteressado, a que José Pires Gonçalves se entregou de corpo e alma ao longo da sua vida.
- Lisboa Pré-Histórica: uma síntese da informação conhecida em 2020Publication . Sousa, Ana Catarina; Costeira, Catarina; Costa, Ana Maria; Calker, Daniel Van; Cardoso, João Luis; Casimiro, Tânia Manuel; Boavida, Carlos; Carvalho, AntónioEste artigo resultou da fusão de duas comunicações distintas apresentadas na segunda sessão do ciclo de conferências Lisboa não é só Subterrânea — 25 anos depois de uma exposição, ocorrida no dia 4 de maio de 2019: «Depois de 1993: o que mudou na Pré-História de Lisboa», da autoria de um dos signatários (J. L. C.), e «Unir os pontos: uma abordagem geoespacial dos vestígios neolíticos e calcolíticos na cidade de Lisboa», da autoria dos restantes signatários.