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- EcoPLis a pré-história no Rio Lis, da serra ao AtlânticoPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, Trenton; Paixão, Eduardo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Évora, Marina; Marreiros, Joao; Assis, Sandra; Nora, David; Matias, Roxane; Simões, CarlosOur research focuses on the use of valleys that link the inland to the coast during Prehistory. Traditionally, research has studied rivers, coast and inland as separate landscapes, but the major characteristic of hunter-gatherers was mobility. In order to understand and reconstruct the evolution of human behaviour, our main goal is to answer the questions: “How, why and when did people circulate between these different ecological landscapes?” and “What was the impact of the major climatic shifts on that mobility?” To answer these questions our archaeological project includes survey, testing, and the excavation of archaeological sites, using high-resolution field and laboratory methodologies in order to contribute significantly to the understanding of ecological behaviour of Prehistoric populations, including extinct human species such as Neanderthals.
- Quadros das divisões estratigráficas internacionais. IUGS, versão 2023/04Publication . Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Rui; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Moreira, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Cristina F. A.; Salgado, Ana; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Salgado, Ana
- Quadros das divisões estratigráficasPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Rui; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Moreira, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Cristina F. A.; Salgado, Ana; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Salgado, Ana
- Estratigrafia II – Quadros das divisões estratigráficasPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Rui; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Moreira, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Cristina F. A.; Salgado, Ana; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Antunes, M. Telles; Salgado, AnaDois anos volvidos, um novo volume do Thesaurus vê agora a luz do dia — trata da Estratigrafia, mais concretamente dos Quadros das Divisões Estratigráficas.
- Quadros das divisões estratigráficas. Vade-MécumPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Rui; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Moreira, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Cristina F. A.; Salgado, Ana; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Antunes, M. Telles; Salgado, AnaO presente trabalho é um resumo, para facilitar a utilização prática da temática tratada na obra mais desenvolvida dada à estampa sob o título Quadro das Divisões Estratigráficas, integrada na série Thesaurus de Ciências da Terra e editada pela Academia de Ciências de Lisboa (Cardoso et al. 2023). Este vade-mécum corresponde, outrossim, a um parecer consolidado sobre o mesmo assunto, elaborado conjuntamente pela 4.ª seção (Ciências da Terra e do Espaço) da Classe de Ciências e do Instituto de Lexicologia e Lexicografia da Língua Portuguesa, ambos da Academia. Neste enquadramento, do presente trabalho apenas constam, para além da enumeração de regras básicas e tópicos históricos, a terminologia fixada pela Academia das Ciências de Lisboa para figurar nos quadros abaixo listados, completada, sempre que julgado pertinente, por notas explicativas, justificando as principais opções tomadas. Referimo-nos aos quadros abaixo enumerados, que, obviamente, apresentam unidades cronostratigráficas/geocronológicas: – Quadro das Divisões Estratigráficas Internacionais; – Quadro das Divisões Estratigráficas do Ordovícico Ibero-Boémico e sua correlação com os sistemas internacional e do Reino Unido; – Quadro das Divisões Estratigráficas do Carbonífero da Europa Ocidental e a sua correlação com o sistema internacional; – Quadro das Divisões Estratigráficas e da Cronologia do Quaternário.
- A anta de Monte Serves (Vialonga, Vila Franca de Xira, Lisboa): arquitectura, cronologia e integração sócio‑cultural de um pequeno sepulcro megalíticoPublication . Andrade, Marco António; Cardoso, João Luis; Mataloto, Rui; Moita, Patrícia; Pereira, André; Pimenta, JoãoThe dolmen of Monte Serves, located in Vila Franca de Xira (Lisbon peninsula), corresponds to a small megalithic tomb with a trapezoidal plan built using limestone slabs. It was identified in 1972 by Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, being excavated that same year under the direction of Christopher Thomas North. In 2014, within the scope of the project MEGAGEO – Moving Megaliths in the Neolithic, this monument was the subject of new archaeological works, directed by Rui Boaventura and João Luís Cardoso, intending to define its specific architecture and the respective construction sequences, mainly regarding the Tumulus and the Atrium areas. Despite the practical absence of votive materials, it was possible to collect human osteological samples, thus allowing to perform radiocarbon dating – whose average result places at least one use episode of this tomb (not necessarily its first) in the transition from the first to the second quarter of the 3rd millennium BCE (median probability: 2706 cal BCE 2σ; mean: 2715 cal BCE 2σ). Indeed, this result differs greatly from the chronological framework established for this type of small tombs in Southwestern Iberia (mid‑4th millennium BCE), but is close to the chronology (relative and absolute) documented in the contiguous funerary contexts of Casal do Penedo and Verdelha dos Ruivos, as well as in the settlements of Moita da Ladra and Pedreira do Casal do Penedo, culturally included in the typical Chalcolithic of Portuguese Estremadura. This paper thus intends to present the results obtained with the excavation of this small tomb, in terms of its architecture and chronology, framing it within the socio‑cultural dynamics documented in Lower Extremadura during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, mainly regarding the origin and development of the megalithic phenomenon.
- 40,000 years later: what we know about the presence of Neanderthals in Portuguese territory and their extinctionPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Cascalheira, JoãoBrief presentation of the theme addressing the history of investigations carried out in Portugal about the presence of Neanderthals, the sites with anhtropological and archaeological record and their antiquity. Considering their close resemblance with our own species and long‑term success across Eurasia, Neanderthals ought to have had all it takes to persist. However, sometime between c. 45,000 and 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals ultimately disappear from the archaeological record, being replaced by modern humans. This cultural and biological replacement process is considered one of the most significant turning points in human evolutionary history. In recent years, knowledge of the processes involved in the disappearance of the Neanderthals and the successful expansion of our species across Eurasia has substantially increased. Still, the spatiotemporal variability of the presumed mechanisms behind Neanderthals’ demise – climate change, fragile demography, inter‑species competition – makes evaluating the replacement at a continental scale very challenging. The Iberian Peninsula, due to its cul‑de‑sac position and the role of its southern regions as one of the last refugia for the Neanderthals, represents an ideal natural setting for testing models of cultural and demographic trajectories leading to the final disappearance of those populations. Focusing on the Iberian archaeological record, in this paper we address the current state of the art and future directions regarding the study of the latest Neanderthals on earth.
- The Portuguese (PT) version of the “International Chronostratigraphic Chart”: a new approachPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Rui; Sousa, M. J. Lemos de; Moreira, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Cristina F. A.; Salgado, AnaThe Academy of Sciences of Lisbon conducted an extensive study to establish an updated Portuguese (PT) terminology for chronostratigraphic/geochronologic units of selected Geological Timetables.
- A necrópole da gruta da Verdelha dos Ruivos (Vila Franca de Xira) e a génese do Complexo Campaniforme na região da foz do Tejo (Portugal)Publication . Cardoso, João Luis; Leitão, M.; Ferreira, O. da Veiga; Zbyszewski, G.; North, C. T.; Norton, J.The Verdelha dos Ruivos cave, located around 20 km NNE of Lisbon, is the only necropolis of the Bell Beaker Complex identified in Portugal to date in which it was possible to isolate in a stratigraphic sequence, single burials and reconstruct the original position of the corpses. The cave was occasionally identified in 1973, during the inspection of a Cretaceous limestone quarry, whose exploration front sectioned the cavity, leaving only the distal part of it. The excavation was carried out by a team from the Geological Service of Portugal led by O. da Veiga Ferreira, which included a medicine doctor, which constituted an obvious added value for characterizing the composition of the population and knowledge of the methods of inhumation used. The small crypt that remained of the primitive natural cavity, whose brown filling contrasted with the color of the limestone, was completely emptied by an hardened carbonate breccia, with abundant limestone blocks, containing archaeological remains. The hardness of this very consolidated filling made it difficult to carry out the excavation, which began in October 1973 and ended only in May 1974. Three main levels were identified, consisting of successive individual tombs in dorsal decubitus, on the left or right side, with the body retracted, in the uterine position. It was possible to identify the position of 11 graves, some related with limestone slabs, which constituted the base or covering of the graves. The archaeological remains included all the items considered characteristic of Bell Beaker Complex: sperm whale tooth buttons, gold spirals, a Palmela point, a fragment of a wristguard and ceramics, of which the decorated ones belong exclusively to the Bell Beker Complex, which leads to the conclusion that the funerary use of the cave is exclusively from a community related to this cultural “circle”. The absolute dating carried out allowed us to place the beginning of this necropolis between 2700 and 2600 years BC, extending into the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. These results are consistent with the antiquity of the emergence of the Bell Beaker Complex in the Tagus estuary region, as was demonstrated by the results obtained at the prehistoric settlement of Leceia, located approximately 30 km to the SW, a reality that will be also valued and discussed.
- Estratégias alimentares dos animais domésticos do povoado de Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) durante a transição do 4.º para o 3.º milénio a.C.: uma abordagem a partir dos isótopos estáveisPublication . Navarrete, Vanessa; Cardoso, João Luis; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Detry, Cleia; Curto, Ana; Waterman, Anna J.; Wright, Elizabeth; Maurer, Anne‑FranceIn this article, we analyse faunal samples from the Late Neolithic (Layer 4) and Early Chalcolithic (Layer 3) levels of the fortified settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) in order to understand the management of the feeding of domestic animals recovered in these excavations. Through the analyses of stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in bone collagen, we aim to characterise the grazing systems and the maintenance strategies of the livestock that were consumed and raised in Leceia, in an attempt to obtain a further perspective on the economic complexity of the fortified settlements that emerged during the 3rd millennium in Portuguese Extremadura. The results show the possible use of forage to feed the animals and also seem to indicate the use of fertilised fields. This demonstrates that animal production is already based on intentional practices of animal and land management, as well as on complex exchange networks.
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