FCT2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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Percorrer FCT2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas) por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "06:Água Potável e Saneamento"
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- Assessment of piggery wastewater treatment in vertical flow constructed wetlands: role of plants and aerationPublication . Corrêa, D. O.; Ferreira, A.; Ribeiro, B.; Gogoi, J.; Karan, N.; Nalwad, A.; Ganguly, A.; Mutnuri, S.; Gouveia, LuisaPiggery wastewater (PWW), rich in pollutants, poses significant environmental risks if not properly treated. Natural treatment processes, such as constructed wetlands (combined action of plants, substrates, and microbes) and microalgae cultivation, offer sustainable and low-cost alternatives for managing these effluents while enabling resource recovery. This study represents an initial step toward optimizing key operational conditions, such as aeration (passive and active), vegetation presence, and the use of single or sequential Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs), for the treatment of piggery wastewater, using different experimental setups, at a laboratory scale. Indoor experiments were conducted over an 8-week period to optimize operational conditions for the treatment of PWW. The VFCWs, arranged in two stages and operated in series through gravity flow, were fed daily and monitored weekly. The best removal rates of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (42.9 %), ammoniacal nitrogen (50.3 %), and chemical oxygen demand (20.5 %), were observed in the second stage of VFCW without aeration and with plant. Nitrate and phosphorus levels increased during the experiment, likely due to microbial activity within the substrate and plant root zones. The final goal is to treat the piggery wastewater from a rural farm in India, produce electricity (by a Microbial Fuel Cell), to generate an effluent suitable for microalgae cultivation, with the produced biomass intended for use either as a biostimulant to enhance cereal crops included in pig diets or as a direct nutritional supplement in pig feed.
- Efficacy of slow sand filtration enriched with trichoderma atroviride in the control of fusarium oxysporum in soilless cultivation systemsPublication . Matias, Pedro; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Reis, MárioOn a planet intending to move toward carbon neutrality while ensuring food security, maximizing water and nutrient use efficiency in agriculture is essential. Soilless cultivation offers a promising solution for food production, yet in substrate-based systems, excess nutrient solution (drainage) is often discarded to maintain phytosanitary safety, resulting in considerable water and nutrient waste. Reusing this drainage requires disinfection to eliminate pathogens. Among available methods, slow sand filtration (SSF) is ecological, economical, and simple, showing strong biological control potential, though not always fully effective against Fusarium oxysporum. Trichoderma atroviride, an antagonistic fungus, may enhance SSF performance. Its antagonistic capacity was evaluated in vitro via direct confrontation assays and in vivo using a closed-loop soilless cucumber cultivation system with eight treatment combinations of SSF, T. atroviride, and F. oxysporum. SSF reduced F. oxysporum incidence by approximately 48%, T. atroviride in irrigation by 44%, and SSF enriched with T. atroviride reached 58% disease incidence reduction, though this increase was not statistically significant. These results confirm that both SSF and T. atroviride can partially suppress F. oxysporum, but further optimization is needed for consistent and complete pathogen control.
- Evaluation of hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Balkh center (Mazar-e-Sharif), northern AfghanistanPublication . Farahmand, Asadullah; Zaryab, Abdulhalim; Ameri, Nasrullah; Ali, Shakir; Eqrar, Mohammad NaimBackground: Groundwater in Afghanistan stands as the predominant water source employed for potable consumption, household utilization, irrigation, and industrial applications. Major cities of Afghanistan are largely dependent on groundwater resources. However, the groundwater quality of major cities in Afghanistan, including Mazar-e-Sharif city was not investigated in detail. Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of the Mazare-Sharif groundwater, identify the factors influencing groundwater quality, and evaluate the groundwater contamination sources. Methods: A total of 18 groundwater samples were collected during the dry season (June 2020) and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Methods such as multivariate statistical analyses, geochemical modeling, water quality index (WQI), and spatial distribution of groundwater quality were employed to evaluate the hydrogeochemistry of the study area. Results: The results reveal that 1) The prevailing groundwater within the study area is predominantly characterized by Na-(Ca)-HCO3 and Ca-(Mg)-SO4 water types. 2) Physicochemical variables such as NO3 − , F− , TDS, and SO4 2− exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits in many wells. 3) Hydro-geochemical processes such as silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution controls the groundwater chemistry. 4) Cl/ Br ratios reveal, that high salinity may originate from evaporitic lacustrine and evaporite deposits and found to be localized in nature. 5) The Water Quality Index (WQI) classification suggests that approximately 60 % of the groundwater samples fall into poor to very poor water quality categories, highlighting substantial public health concerns. Major contaminants like nitrate and fluoride were found to be higher than the safe limit in nearly half of the samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study hold value for decision-makers in formulating a proficient strategy for the management of groundwater resources in Mazar-e-Sharif City in achieving the UN sustainable goal (SDG) of providing sustainable water for all. Furthermore, new advanced techniques like environmental isotopes should be analyzed to evaluate groundwater hydro-chemical evolution in the future to enhance our understanding.
- Modeling and optimization of atmospheric CO2 capture for neutralization of high alkaline wastewaters using response surface methodologyPublication . Madeira, Luís Miguel Simão; Ribau Teixeira, Margarida; Carvalho, FátimaLab-scale stirrer bubble and lab-scale stepped continuous flow capillary columns were developed to neutralize lime precipitation treated slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) and recover the volatilized ammonia, using atmospheric CO2. These experiments were carried out using central composite design based on the response surface methodology. The carbonation process occurred in both processes. For the bubbling process, numerical optimization indicated a final pH of 8 with calcium and ammonium nitrogen removals of 76.0 and 66.2%, respectively, applying 21 h, air flow rate at 65 L h− 1, the stirring speed at 52 rpm, and SWW volume at 178 mL. It was also observed that increasing the air flow rate can avoid the stirring step. For the capillary process, a pH of 8.2 and calcium and ammonium nitrogen removals of 81.0 and 57.5% were achieved, applying a SWW flow rate at 1.2 mL min− 1, air flow rate at 90 L h− 1, and capillary area at 700 cm2. Under optimal conditions, the flow capillary column was able to neutralize different SWW volumes, 178–478 mL, without significant differences in the collected samples, with the operation time varying between 4.48 and 10.20 h, respectively.
- Multifaceted impact of exogenous salicylic acid on vicia faba l. under salt stress: plant growth, water status, and photosynthetic performance (OJIP Fluorescence)Publication . ANAYA, FATIMA; Fghire, R.; Wahbi, S.; Carvalho, Inês; Loutfi, K.Purpose This study investigated the effect of salt stress on growth, water status, and photosynthetic activity in faba bean plants and the role of salicylic acid (SA) in mitigating the harmful effects of salt stress. Methods Faba bean plants were subjected to different levels of salt stress (0, 90, 120, and 150 mM NaCl) and salicylic acid (0, 0.5, and 1 mM SA). Salt and SA treatments were applied starting from the seedling stage and continued for two months. Results Results show that salt stress significantly affects the different studied parameters. Salinity strongly decreases the plant weight (fresh and dry) and the plant water status (Leaf Water Potential (LWP), Stomatal conductance (gs), Relative water content (RWC). The analysis of the Photosystem II (PSII) function disruption indicates that salt stress induced an electron transport inhibition at the donor side of the PSII due to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex (OEC) inactivation (positive- K-band) and reduced the PSII unit’s energetic connectivity (positive-L-band). The evaluation of the rate reduction of the end electron acceptor at the Photosystem I (PSI) side revealed that salt stress resulted in gradual decreases in the reduction rates. Nevertheless, the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) allowed plants to maintain a high weight/length value with a significant improvement in plant water status. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence analysis shows that SA application improved at the donor side of electron transport (lower intensity of the K and L-band), with a larger pool size under the combination of 0.5 mM SA and high salt stress levels applications. Conclusion These results suggest that the salt stress significantly affects the PSII by the inactivation of the OEC and decreas¬ing the PSII unit’s connectivity. However, SA had a beneficial effect on the PSII and PSI salt stress tolerance in Vicia faba L.
- Prioritising research on endocrine disruption in the marine environment: a global perspectivePublication . Pinto, Patricia IS; Miglioli, Angelica; LaLone, Carlie A.; Baumann, Lisa; Baynes, Alice; Blanc‐Legendre, Mélanie; Cancio, Ibon; Cousin, Xavier; Dang, ZhiChao; Dumollard, Rémi; Ford, Alex T.; Green, Christopher; Iguchi, Taisen; Kearney, Philippa; Knigge, Thomas; Minier, Christophe; Monsinjon, Tiphaine; Monteiro, Marta S.; Sturve, Joachim; Watanabe, Haruna; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Ankley, Gerald; Power, Deborah Mary; Katsiadaki, IoannaA healthy ocean is a crucial life support system that regulates the global climate, is a source of oxygen and supports major economic activities. A vast and understudied biodiversity from micro- to macro-organisms is integral to ocean health. However, the impact of pollutants that reach the ocean daily is understudied for marine taxa, which are also absent or poorly represented in regulatory test guidelines for chemical hazard assessment. Inspired by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science, which aims to reverse the decline in ocean health, this communication calls for global coordination in building resources for studying the effects of marine pollution. The bibliographic analysis, a collective product of scientists from diverse backgrounds, focused on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review, we (i) critically analyse the literature on endocrine signalling pathways and high-level physiological impacts of EDCs across 20 representative marine taxa; (ii) identify knowledge and regulatory gaps; (iii) apply bioinformatics approaches to marine species genomic resources, with relevance for predictions of susceptibility; and (iv) provide recommendations of priority actions for different stakeholders. We reveal that the scientific literature on EDCs is biased towards terrestrial and/or freshwater organisms, is limited to a handful of animal taxa, and marine organisms are dramatically underrepresented. Our bibliographic analysis also confirmed that only a small number of (neuro) endocrine pathways are covered for all animals, whilst basic knowledge on endocrine systems/endocrine disruption for most marine invertebrate phyla is minimal. Despite significant gaps in genomic resources for marine animals, endocrine-related protein conservation was evident across more than 500 species from diverse marine taxa, highlighting that they are at risk from EDCs. Despite recent technological advances, translation of existing knowledge into international regulatory test guidelines for chemical hazard assessment and monitoring programs is limited. Furthermore, the current understanding is confounded in part by transposing vertebrate endocrinology onto non-vertebrate taxa. In this context, specific recommendations are provided for all stakeholders, including academia (e.g. to expand knowledge across metazoan taxa and endocrine targets and translate it to New Approach Methodologies and Adverse Outcome Pathways; to increase and improve tools for comparative species-sensitivity distributions and cross-species extrapolations), regulators (e.g. increase awareness of specific risks for the marine environment, prioritise international standardisation of testing methods for marine species and request evidence for absence of endocrine disruption in marine phyla), policy makers (e.g. implement sustained, long-term international marine monitoring programs and increase global co-operation) and the public or non-governmental organisations (e.g. foster public engagement and behaviours that prevent marine chemical pollution; promote citizen science activities; and drive political actions towards protective and restorative marine policies). We hope that this and past reviews can contribute towards meeting ambitious international plans for marine water quality assurance, mitigation of marine pollution impacts and protection of marine biodiversity. The importance of marine biodiversity for climate change mitigation, food security and sustainable ecosystem services calls for urgent, cooperative action.
- Restoring and rehabilitating watercourses in the Ria Formosa Nature Park (Algarve): intervention principles, processes and techniquesPublication . Santos, A.; Rolo Antunes, Carla Maria; Batista, DesidérioThe core objective of this article is to contribute towards defining a project methodology for rehabilitating fluvial ecosystems in strongly humanized Mediterranean landscapes. To achieve this objective, interrelated with the management and maintenance of these landscapes, we took into consideration the theory and the praxis that frame interventions in watercourses experiencing situations of risk. This article spans these two core, interwoven facets, approaching both the theoretical research and the applied research undertaken within the scope of proposals for rehabilitating five watercourses in Eastern Algarve. The project approach to the restoration of the ecological corridors associated with the downstream sections of the Cacela, Canada, Tronco, Bela-Mandil streams, and the Seco River thus accounted for the shortage and irregularity in the distribution of precipitation and the torrential regime characterizing the region in conjunction with the high level of artificialism displayed by these fluvial systems. Under the auspices of the project process, the aforementioned watercourses were perceived as dynamic, complex, open, and multi-functional socio-ecological systems with a role and importance in ensuring the biological balance and physical stability of the coastal plain and the Ria Formosa lagoon system. The project concept was rooted in a strategy based on intervention flexibility, taking into account a balance between the rehabilitation of natural values and resources and the presence of human activities. Hence, in the rehabilitation proposals developed, the materials applied were entirely natural (plants, wood, and stone), with recourse to technical-scientific concepts and procedures drawn from the fields of Landscape Architecture and Biophysical Engineering.
- A solar panel-origin microalga, Coelastrella thermophila D14, with high potential for wastewater biotechnologyPublication . Baldanta, Sara; Ferreira, Alice; Vinuesa, Arantxa Marco; García, Isabel García; Gouveia, Luisa; Llorens, Juana María Navarro; Guevara, GovindaExtremophilic environments are rich reservoirs for discovering microorganisms with vast biotechnological potential. Among these, microalgae stand out for their pivotal role in sustainable wastewater treatment and nutrient recycling. This study introduces Coelastrella thermophile D14, a microalga isolated from a solar panel, identified through morphological studies and genomic sequencing. The genus Coelastrella has been characterized and classified as highly productive strains valuable for biofuel and bioproduct generation as well as for their ability to produce significant amounts of carotenoids. Experiments revealed the extraordinary resilience of this strain to prolonged desiccation and high-strength piggery wastewater. Notably, D14 cultivated in 10% pig effluent exhibited biostimulant properties, achieving a germination index 23% higher than the control on Lepidium sativum. In a groundbreaking development, we have successfully established an Agrobacteriummediated transformation protocol for C. thermophila D14, optimizing key parameters for effective T-DNA transfer. This marks a pioneering achievement within the genus Coelastrella. These findings highlight the significant potential of D14 as a robust platform for future biotechnological applications, opening new opportunities for innovative solutions, especially in environmental protection and sustainable agriculture.
- A spatial framework for assessing irrigation water use in overexploited mediterranean aquifersPublication . López-Pérez, Esther; Manzano-Juarez, Juan; Jiménez-Bello, Miguel Angel; García-Prats, Alberto; Sanchis-Ibor, Carles; Rubio-Martín, Adrià; Boubekri, Fatima Zahrae; Kajji, Abdellah; TUFONI, PAOLO; Nunes, Luís; Pulido-Velazquez, ManuelIrrigated agriculture in Mediterranean semi-arid regions is increasingly constrained by aquifer depletion and climate change. Enhancing water use efficiency in the irrigation of perennial crops is essential for long-term agricultural sustainability. This study introduces a Spatial Irrigation Adequacy Index (SIAI), a normalized index expressing the deviation between actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and Crop Water Requirements (CWR). The framework was applied to assess irrigation performance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), apple orchards (Malus domestica) and citrus tress (Citrus sinensis) across three groundwater-dependent systems: Requena-Utiel (Spain), Ain Timguenai (Morocco), and Campina de Faro (Portugal). ETa was estimated using Landsat 8 and 9 imageries processed with the SSEBop model, while crop water demand was calculated with the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient method incorporating site-specific agroclimatic data. Results revealed distinct crop-specific irrigation patterns: grapevines achieved near-optimal water use, apple orchards were generally over-irrigated, and citrus groves experienced persistent deficits. The framework enables scalable, transferable assessments of irrigation performance, supporting sustainable water management and adaptive irrigation under climate variability, with potential applications in digital farm management systems, water authority decision-making, and corporate ESG reporting frameworks.
- Studies on the bioaugmentation of mycolicibacterium aubagnense HPB1.1 in aerobic granular sludge from a WWTP: adaptability of native prokaryotes and enhancement of paracetamol intermediate metabolites biodegradationPublication . Carlier, Jorge; Lara-Moreno, Alba; Igbodo, Benjamin; Costa, Maria ClaraThis study aimed to evaluate for the first time the bioaugmentation of Mycolicibacterium aubagnense HPB1.1 in Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) with Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS), and its effect on the biodegradation of Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen and N -acetyl-paraaminophenol (APAP). The bioaugmentation was effective and persisted for at least nine days after five inoculations performed in 24 days (relative abundance of M. aubagnense was 0.13 ± 0.05 % in the test reactors and 0.0079 ± 0.0008 % in the control reactors) and for eight days after seven inoculations performed in 40 days (relative abundance of M. aubagnense was 0.04 ± 0.02 % in the tests and 0.0005 ± 0.0005 % in the controls). In what concerns APAP biodegradation, the results showed a faster removal of its transformation products Hydroquinone (HQ), 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4- benzoquinone (2,5-HO-BQ) and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in the bioreactors bioaugmented with the bacterial strain M. aubagnense HPB1.1 (59 % or 85 % of HQ, 67 % or 85 % of 2,5-HO-BQ and 75 % or 82 % of BQ removals, respectively for assay 1 or assay 2) in comparison to the nonbioaugmented bioreactors (15 % or 31 % of HQ, 36 % or 63 % of 2,5-HO-BQ and no removal of BQ, also for assy 1 and 2, respectively). Regarding the effect on organics and nutrients treatment, overall, the SBR conditions favored ammonia, nitrites, and organics removal. Yet, the conditions did not allow complete denitrification nor higher assimilation than release of PO4 3-.