ICArEHB
URI permanente desta comunidade:
Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour
Centro de investigação interdisciplinar em Arqueologia e evolução do comportamento humano
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Percorrer ICArEHB por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis"
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- Archery technology in the neolithic: management of the mediterranean mixed forest and woodworking activities at La Marmotta (Italy)Publication . L, Caruso Fermé; Monteiro, Patrícia; V, Brizzi; M, Mineo; G, Remolins; N, Mazzucco; B, Morell; F, Gibaja J.Although Neolithic communities were characterized by an agricultural economy, the presence of bows in their archaeological record demonstrates the persistence of hunting activities. At La Marmotta, an underwater Early Neolithic site located in Lake Bracciano (Anguillara Sabazia, Italy), a considerable assemblage of preserved wooden tools was discovered some of them related to hunting activities demonstrating their reliance on woodland resources for technological purposes. Since wood was the main raw material for ancient bows, understanding how it was exploited is fundamental for reconstructing archery technology in prehistory. Here, we present the archaeobotanical analyses of 19 wooden bows found in La Marmotta. Taxonomic analysis identified the wood used as Carpinus sp. (9), Viburnum lantana (6), Alnus sp. (1), Cornus sp. (1), Fraxinus sp. (1), and evergreen Quercus sp. (1). The mechanical properties of these species are compatible with the crafting and use of bows although they are not the most usual wood, as shown by the archaeological record of Neolithic bows. This taxonomic diversity suggests that there was not a specific selection of wood based on mechanical/physical properties, which is coherent with La Marmotta wood acquisition modalities for the production of other tools and structures.
- Experimental protocol for cooking rabbits and its archaeological implicationsPublication . Real, Cristina; Rufà, Anna; Carvalho, Milena; Pérez, Leopoldo; Haws, Jonathan; Sanchis, AlfredSmall prey such as rabbits are present in Middle Paleolithic and are abundant in the diet of Upper Paleolithic human groups in southwestern Europe, especially in the Iberian Peninsula. Several archaeological and experimental studies have attempted to relate anthropogenic modifications, in this case cut marks, to different processing and consumption activities. However, the data do not always give similar results, as the presence and quantity of cut marks is variable across time, geography, and anatomical elements. Therefore, the lack of clear answers forces us to hypothesize if these variations could be indicative of the choice of particular cooking, processing, and consumption patterns, including the aim of preserving the meat by drying or smoking. The first objective is to present an empirical methodology to resolve uncertainties about the processing and consumption patterns adopted by human groups in different temporal and geographical contexts. The second objective is to characterize the cut marks found on the bones and relate them to a cooking method. To achieve these objectives, the paper presents a complete experimental protocol. This protocol included three cooking methods (drying, smoking, roasting) that could have been used by Paleolithic human groups when processing rabbits. The results of these experiments are then analyzed in terms of time, weight loss, and the condition of the meat and marrow. Following this, the first results of the taphonomic study focusing on the cut marks identified on the experimental bones are reported. In addition, we critically review other experimental studies focusing on rabbits and compare their results with our own in order to present a comprehensive framework and discuss their archaeological implications.
- Microplastics hot spots at the South Iberian MarginPublication . Bebianno, Maria; Cristina, Sónia; Nathan, Justine; Goela, Priscila; Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno; Icely, John David; Moura, DelmindaThe persistent accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in sediments poses ecological risks to benthic organisms and contributes to the broader issue of marine pollution. This study quantitatively analysed MPs in sediments, water and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from eleven sites of the South Portuguese coast in two contrasting climatic seasons (summer and winter). MPs were detected in sediments, water, and M. galloprovincialis at all study sites, although their abundance, colour, size, and type varied across compartments, locations, and seasons. Three hot spots of MPs contamination were identified at the South Portuguese coast. In these areas, the concentration of MPs in sediments was three orders of magnitude higher than water and mussels. The MPs identified had distinct colour patterns: transparent particles dominated in sediments, while blue was the most common in water and mussels. A size-dependent accumulation pattern was observed in the sediments, suggesting selective retention of MPs according to natural particle size, and a relationship was observed between MP levels in sediments and in mussels. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were dominant polymers in sediments while PP, PE and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were consistently present in water and mussels. Polybuthyl methachrylate (PBMA) was also detected in surface water and ingested by mussels. These findings suggest that variability in MPs abundance and polymer composition is linked to differences in local human activities. They also provide strong evidence for the importance of controlling land-based sources of MPs, particularly those transported to the coastal area by transported by rivers.