ICR3-Livros (ou partes, com ou sem arbitragem científica)
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- As antas, marcadores simbólicos das paisagens e dos territórios medievaisPublication . Mataloto, Rui; Cardoso, João LuisOs monumentos megalíticos marcaram de forma indelével a paisagem do território actualmente português, constituindo um sinal de perenidade através dos tempos. Este sentido de permanência conduziu à sua utilização como marcos territoriais ao longo dos tempos, especialmente em épocas de verdadeira “refundação” da paisagem. Pretende-se aqui compilar diversos exemplos de época medieval do território alto-alentejano, onde, fosse na definição dos termos municipais ou na delimitação fundiária das grandes propriedades, foram tais monumentos assim utilizados, demonstrando o aproveitamento daquelas estruturas ancestrais para finalidades práticas, dada a sua visibilidade na paisagem e as particularidades que os individualizavam. No final, aborda-se um “caso de estudo” com base em observações mais recentes, de natureza religiosa que abrirá o caminho para a futura “Arqueologia”.
- A paixão pela História: saber e comunicação. Estudos de Homenagem a Maria José Ferro TavaresPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Sales, José das Candeias; Avelar, Ana PaulaEste livro de homenagem congrega estudos de vários docentes da Universidade Aberta, bem como de outras instituições, maioritariamente da área científica da História, com um enquadramento cronológico alargado que se estende da Pré-História à Contemporaneidade. Pretende-se assim prestar tributo ao percurso académico e profissional da Professora Maria José Ferro Tavares, ilustre medievalista, especialista no estudo dos Judeus em Portugal, e antiga Reitora da Universidade Aberta.
- Leceia, Moita da Ladra e Outeiro Redondo: Similarities and differences between three walled sites of Portuguese ExtremaduraPublication . Cardoso, João LuisThe three major walled sites where the author conducted archaeological excavations - Leceia (Oeiras), between 1983 and 2002; Moita da Ladra (Vila Franca de Xira), between 2003 and 2006; and Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), between 2005 and 2016 - yielded a body of information of unquestionable relevance to our knowledge of architectures, stratigraphies and absolute datings. This data became essential for understanding the economy and social organisation of the populations that occupied this vast region, with its own cultural significance: the socalled ‘Chalcolithic of Extremadura’. In addition to this remarkable wealth of information, the exhumed archaeological remains have been thoroughly studied and published in detail. This paper will describe the main architectural features, both defensive and residential, of each site. Moreover, the archaeological assemblages will be enhanced based on the identification of artefacts that, given their typology, could provide objective information about the most relevant economic activities carried out by the sites’ inhabitants. Such conclusions, combined with the sites’ features, including their geographical location and size, led, for the first time, to conclusions on their functional nature and how they fitted into the demographic and economic fabric of the densely populated Lisbon/Setúbal peninsulas during the 3rd millennium BC.
- Leceia, Moita da Ladra e Outeiro Redondo: semelhanças e diferenças de três sítios muralhados da estremadura portuguesaPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Diniz, Mariana; Martins, Andrea; Neves, César; Arnaud, José M.Os três sítios muralhados de primeira grandeza em que o signatário dirigiu escavações arqueológicas: Leceia (Oeiras), entre 1983 e 2002; Moita da Ladra (Vila Franca de Xira), entre 2003 e 2006; e Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), entre 2005 e 2016, produziram um conjunto de informações de relevância incontornável para o conhecimento das arquitecturas, das estratigrafias, e da cronologia absoluta, tornados assim essenciais para o conhecimento da economia e organização social das populações que ocuparam aquela vasta região, com significado cultural próprio: o chamado “Calcolítico da Estremadura”. A esta notável informação, somou-se a respeitante aos espólios arqueológicos exumados, os quais se encontram presentemente totalmente estudados e publicados de forma detalhada. Nesta comunicação, depois de se apresentarem as principais características arquitectónicas, de natureza defensiva e habitacional, respeitantes a cada um deles, valorizaram-se os espólios arqueológicos a partir da identificação dos artefactos susceptíveis, pela sua tipologia, de fornecerem informação objectiva acerca das actividades económicas mais importantes desenvolvidas pelos respectivos habitantes. Tais conclusões, articuladas com as características dos próprios sítios, incluindo a sua implantação geográfica e dimensões, conduziu, pela primeira vez, a conclusões sobre natureza funcional de cada um deles e quanto à forma como os mesmos se integravam no tecido demográfico e económico das penínsulas de Lisboa/Setúbal no decurso do 3.º milénio a.C., região já então densamente povoada.
- 40,000 years later: what we know about the presence of Neanderthals in Portuguese territory and their extinctionPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Cascalheira, JoãoBrief presentation of the theme addressing the history of investigations carried out in Portugal about the presence of Neanderthals, the sites with anhtropological and archaeological record and their antiquity. Considering their close resemblance with our own species and long‑term success across Eurasia, Neanderthals ought to have had all it takes to persist. However, sometime between c. 45,000 and 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals ultimately disappear from the archaeological record, being replaced by modern humans. This cultural and biological replacement process is considered one of the most significant turning points in human evolutionary history. In recent years, knowledge of the processes involved in the disappearance of the Neanderthals and the successful expansion of our species across Eurasia has substantially increased. Still, the spatiotemporal variability of the presumed mechanisms behind Neanderthals’ demise – climate change, fragile demography, inter‑species competition – makes evaluating the replacement at a continental scale very challenging. The Iberian Peninsula, due to its cul‑de‑sac position and the role of its southern regions as one of the last refugia for the Neanderthals, represents an ideal natural setting for testing models of cultural and demographic trajectories leading to the final disappearance of those populations. Focusing on the Iberian archaeological record, in this paper we address the current state of the art and future directions regarding the study of the latest Neanderthals on earth.
- What did the first food producers in the Lisbon region eat, in the transition from the 6th to the 5th millennium BC?Publication . Cardoso, João LuisThis study addressed all the Early Neolithic mammal remains recovered from Encosta de Sant’Ana during the excavations conducted between 2004 and 2006, mainly from Sector E. The faunal record studied in this paper suggests that this was a community that occupied the site on a seasonal basis, as indicated by the considerable amount of hunted fauna. Rabbits are particularly noteworthy, followed by deer and possibly wild boar and, although to a much lesser extent, aurochs, suggesting territories that were essentially forest or Mediterranean scrubland, with occasional open spaces. As far as domestic cattle are concerned, the scarcity of bovines is also indicative of limited sedentation.
- Cross-disciplinary research in environmental archaeologyPublication . Costa, Cláudia; Rufà, Anna; García-Suaréz, Aroa; Kabukcu, CerenThis publication compiles some of the extended abstracts presented at the 2024 Spring Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology, held at the University of Algarve, Portugal, in May 2024. The conference was organised by ICArEHB - Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour and IMF-CSIC - Institución Milá y Fontanals de Investigación en Humanidades, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain.
- Understanding paleolithic human coastal adaptations in southwetern Iberian Peninsula (Paleocoast Project)Publication . Marreiros, Joao; Duarte, D. N.; Regala, Frederico; Dores, Tiago; Francisco, Rui; Soares, RicardoThe geological and geomorphological formations in the Atlantic shore of Southern Portugal in Algarve are characterized by karstic formations. Karstic features, such as natural caves and shelters, have long been seen as an attractive ecological and geological landscape to early human occupation during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The project PaleoCoast, Paleolithic Human Coastal Adaptations in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula, aims to locate and identify coastal karst formation, and assess its speleological and geological characterization, and archaeological potential. This poster introduces the PaleoCoast research project, including research scope, goals and methods, and an overview on the preliminary results from the pilot study conducted in 2017.
- Habitats of the Guadiana River estuaryPublication . Gomes, Ana; Camacho, SaritaThe Guadiana River estuary is the most important estuarine system in southern Portugal. The estuary’s variety of habitats supports a great diversity of species. Some of these species have only recently been discovered and are found nowhere else on Earth. This chapter details the current state of knowledge of the estuary’s habitats, with a particular focus on the unseen microscopic flora and fauna that support the entire food chain – and many economic activities – in the estuary.